<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
  <feed xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
  <title type="html"><![CDATA[孑缘]]></title>
  <subtitle type="html"><![CDATA[Agou.Net]]></subtitle>
  <id>http://www.agou.net/</id>
  <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.agou.net/" /> 
  <link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.agou.net/atom.asp" /> 
  <generator uri="http://www.pjhome.net/" version="2.8">PJBlog3</generator> 
  <updated>2008-12-02T22:19:28+08:00</updated>

  <entry>
	  <title type="html"><![CDATA[模仿Windows 7新功能软件集锦]]></title>
	  <author>
		 <name>agou</name>
		 <uri>http://www.agou.net/</uri>
		 <email>agou@live.com,agou@live.cn</email>
	  </author>
	  <category term="" scheme="http://www.agou.net/default.asp?cateID=7" label="孑缘收藏" /> 
	  <updated>2008-12-02T22:19:28+08:00</updated>
	  <published>2008-12-02T22:19:28+08:00</published>
		  <summary type="html"><![CDATA[<p>&nbsp;<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 23px; ">　&nbsp;&nbsp;<img height="308" alt="" src="http://news.newhua.com/Files/Remoteupfile/2008-11/28/win7installnow.png" width="619" border="0" />
<div align="left">　　</div>
<div align="left">　　如果你对近期比较热门的Windows 7还持有疑问，还在继续使用XP或Vista系统，我可以为你推荐几款模仿Windows 7新功能的免费软件。无需安装Windows 7，你便可以得到Windows 7的全新体验。</div>
<div align="left">&nbsp;</div>
<div align="left"><b>　　把项目固定在任务栏</b></div>
<p align="center"><img height="56" alt="" src="http://news.newhua.com/Files/Remoteupfile/2008-11/28/quicklaunch.png" width="416" border="0" /></p>
<div align="left">&nbsp;</div>
<div align="left">　　Windows 7系统具有把一些程序和文档固定在任务栏的功能，以省去在桌面添加快捷方式的麻烦。在Windows 7中，用户只需要右击任务栏，选择&ldquo;Quick Launch&rdquo;（快速启动）项，便可以把文件夹、文档或程序的快捷方式加入到任务栏中。</div>
<div align="left">&nbsp;</div>
<div align="left">　　EnhanceMyVista软件便可以帮助你在Vista环境下实现这个功能：<a href="http://www.seriousbit.com/download.aspx?file=EnhanceMyVistaFreeSetup.exe" style="color: rgb(0, 51, 153); text-decoration: none; ">http://www.seriousbit.com/download.aspx?file=EnhanceMyVistaFreeSetup.exe</a></div>
<div align="left">&nbsp;</div>
<div align="left">　　在Vista环境下安装<a href="http://www.deviantart.com/download/71036512/AeroVG_Theme_for_Windows_Vista_by_Vishal_Gupta.rar" style="color: rgb(0, 51, 153); text-decoration: none; ">AERO VG</a>主题包，便可以领略Windows 7主题的风采：<a href="http://www.deviantart.com/download/71036512/AeroVG_Theme_for_Windows_Vista_by_Vishal_Gupta.rar" style="color: rgb(0, 51, 153); text-decoration: none; ">http://www.deviantart.com/download/71036512/AeroVG_Theme_for_Windows_Vista_by_Vishal_Gupta.rar</a></div>
<div align="left">&nbsp;</div>
<div align="left"><b>　　Aero Shake</b><b>功能</b></div>
<div align="left">&nbsp;</div>
<div align="left">　　Windows 7的Aero Shake功能允许用户晃动程序窗口，使其他程序自动最小化；再次摇晃，则恢复原来窗口状态。这是一项非常有趣并且实用的鼠标手势功能的应用。</div>
<div align="left">&nbsp;</div>
<div align="left">　　Aero Shake 1.3可以让你体验这项功能：</div>
<div align="left"><a href="http://cache.gawker.com/assets/images/gawker/2008/11/Aero_Shake_1.3.exe" style="color: rgb(0, 51, 153); text-decoration: none; ">http://cache.gawker.com/assets/images/gawker/2008/11/Aero_Shake_1.3.exe</a></div>
<div align="left">&nbsp;</div>
<div align="left">　　用户帐户控制</div>
<div align="left">&nbsp;</div>
<div align="left">　　Windows 7调整了提醒和确认选项，去除了Vista中经常弹出的&ldquo;你确定吗？&rdquo;提示，用户再也不必为经常弹出的提示而烦心了。</div>
<div align="left">&nbsp;</div>
<div align="left">　　Vista用户可以通过<a href="http://www.nortonlabs.com/inthelab/uac.php" style="color: rgb(0, 51, 153); text-decoration: none; ">Norton's User Account Control</a>软件进行设置：ftp://ftp.symantec.com/misc/sabu/norton_labs/NUACx86.exe</div>
<p align="left"><b>定制你的系统盘</b></p>
<p align="center"><img height="102" alt="" src="http://image.onlinedown.net/2008/huajunpc/11/20081128ljq01.jpg" width="305" border="0" /></p>
<div align="left">&nbsp;</div>
<div align="left">　　Windows 7已经去除了那些烦人的黄色通知标签（如上图），它会直接展示系统盘。用户便可以很方便地按照通知进行程序安装。在XP和Vista中，用户通过对系统图标显示设置，也可以控制通知标签的弹出。</div>
<p align="center"><img height="302" alt="" src="http://news.newhua.com/Files/Remoteupfile/2008-11/28/systemtraycustomizations.png" width="354" border="0" /></p>
<div align="left">&nbsp;</div>
<div align="left">　　应用EmergeDesktop软件，体验Windows 7的解决方式：</div>
<div align="left"><a href="http://nchc.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/emerge/EmergeDesktop-4.1.2.exe" style="color: rgb(0, 51, 153); text-decoration: none; ">http://nchc.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/emerge/EmergeDesktop-4.1.2.exe</a></div>
<div align="left">&nbsp;</div>
<div align="left"><b>　　提速启动速度</b></div>
<div align="left">&nbsp;</div>
<div align="left">　　Windows 7中另一项为人期待的是快速的启动时间。用户只需按下开机键，便可以应用Windows 7进行办公了。无需升级你的硬件，XP和Vista用户也可以像Windows 7一样拥有超快的启动速度。</div>
<div align="left">&nbsp;</div>
<div align="left">　　Ccleaner便可以提速你的启动速度，下载页面：</div>
<div align="left">&nbsp;</div>
<div align="left">　　<a href="http://www.ccleaner.com/download" style="color: rgb(0, 51, 153); text-decoration: none; ">http://www.ccleaner.com/download</a></div>
<div align="left">&nbsp;</div>
<div align="left"><b>　　升级计算器和画图工具</b></div>
<div align="left">&nbsp;</div>
<div align="left">　　Windows 7对诸如计算器、画图和写字板的辅助工具都进行了升级。用户甚至可以在Windows 7的写字板中应用Office 2007色彩。</div>
<div align="left">&nbsp;</div>
<div align="left">　　Win7 Calculator 软件会为Vista 用户提供了全新的计算器工具：<a href="http://www.box.net/shared/y7tdnm9y2a#Windows7-calculator" style="color: rgb(0, 51, 153); text-decoration: none; ">http://www.box.net/shared/y7tdnm9y2a#Windows7-calculator</a></div>
<div align="left">&nbsp;</div>
<div align="left">　　XP用户则可以下载<a href="http://lifehacker.com/software/featured-windows-download/power-up-windows-calculator-with-power-calculator-309828.php" style="color: rgb(0, 51, 153); text-decoration: none; ">Power Calculator</a>软件，提升计算器的性能：</div>
<div align="left">&nbsp;</div>
<div align="left">&nbsp;</div>
<div align="left"><a href="http://download.microsoft.com/download/whistler/Install/2/WXP/EN-US/PowerCalcPowertoySetup.exe" style="color: rgb(0, 51, 153); text-decoration: none; ">http://download.microsoft.com/download/whistler/Install/2/WXP/EN-US/PowerCalcPowertoySetup.exe</a></div>
<div align="left">&nbsp;</div>
<div align="left">　　如果你想升级更多的Windows工具，可以访问：<a href="http://www.microsoft.com/windowsserver2003/technologies/management/powershell/download.mspx" style="color: rgb(0, 51, 153); text-decoration: none; ">http://www.microsoft.com/windowsserver2003/technologies/management/powershell/download.mspx</a></div>
<div align="left">&nbsp;</div>
<div align="left"><b>　　安装</b><b>Windows 7</b><b>主题</b></div>
<p align="center"><img height="374" alt="" src="http://news.newhua.com/Files/Remoteupfile/2008-11/28/win7theme.png" width="600" border="0" /></p>
<div align="left">&nbsp;</div>
<div align="left">　　如果你只是希望你的计算机看起来像是运行Windows 7 ，你可以下载Windows 7的启动屏、墙纸和登录屏幕。</div>
<div align="left">&nbsp;</div>
<div align="left">　　Windows 7主题下载：</div>
<p align="left"><a href="http://www.deviantart.com/download/102269037/Windows_7_Vista_Style_FINAL_by_giannisgx89.rar" style="color: rgb(0, 51, 153); text-decoration: none; ">http://www.deviantart.com/download/102269037/Windows_7_Vista_Style_FINAL_by_giannisgx89.rar</a></p>
<p align="left">
<div align="left">　　Windows 7的启动屏、墙纸和登录屏幕下载：</div>
<p align="left"><a href="http://www.nirmaltv.com/2008/11/07/transform-vista-to-windows-7/" style="color: rgb(0, 51, 153); text-decoration: none; ">http://www.nirmaltv.com/2008/11/07/transform-vista-to-windows-7/</a></p>
</p>
</span></p>]]></summary>
	  <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.agou.net/article.asp?id=649" /> 
	  <id>http://www.agou.net/default.asp?id=649</id>
  </entry>	
		
  <entry>
	  <title type="html"><![CDATA[IATA航空公司代码]]></title>
	  <author>
		 <name>agou</name>
		 <uri>http://www.agou.net/</uri>
		 <email>agou@live.com,agou@live.cn</email>
	  </author>
	  <category term="" scheme="http://www.agou.net/default.asp?cateID=7" label="孑缘收藏" /> 
	  <updated>2008-11-29T12:43:38+08:00</updated>
	  <published>2008-11-29T12:43:38+08:00</published>
		  <summary type="html"><![CDATA[<p>&nbsp;<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia; line-height: 18px; -webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal; ">1&nbsp;</span>
<p style="line-height: normal; ">1A: 西班牙艾玛迪斯全球旅游分销系统公司(Amadeus Global Travel Distribution)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
1B: 新加坡环亚旅游资讯系统有限公司(Abacus International)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
1C: EDS Information Business (瑞士)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
1D: Radixx Solutions International (美国)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
1E: 中国民航信息网络股份有限公司(Travelsky Technology)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
1F: INFINI Travel Information (日本)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
1G: 美国伽利略国际公司 (美国)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
1H: Siren-Travel (俄罗斯)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
1I: Netjets Aviation(Execjet, 美国)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
Deutsche Rettungsflugwacht(Civil Air Ambulance, 德国)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
Nova Airlines(Navigator, 瑞典)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
Sky Trek International Airlines(Phazer, 美国)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
Sierra Nevada Airlines(美国)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
Pegasus Hava Tasimaciligi(Sunturk, 土耳其)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
1J: 爱克森斯国际科技有限公司 (日本)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
1K: Sutra (美国), Southern Cross Distribution (澳大利亚)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
1L: Open Skies (美国)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
1M: JSC Transport Automated Information Systems (TAIS) (俄罗斯)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
1N: Navitaire (美国)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
1P: WorldSpan (美国)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
1Q: Sirena (俄罗斯)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
1R: Hainan Phoenix Information Systems (中国)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
1S: Sabre (美国)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
1T: 1Time Airline (南非)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
1U: Polyot Sirena (俄罗斯)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
1V: Galileo International (美国)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
1Y: Electronic Data Systems Corporation (美国)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
1Z: Sabre Pacific (澳大利亚)</p>
<p style="line-height: normal; ">2&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
2A: Deutsche Bahn AG (Germany)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
2H: Thalys （中文译作大力士或称西北高速列车，Belgium, France, Germany, Netherlands）&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
2L: Helvetic Airways&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
2P: Air Philippines (Philippines)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
2U: Atlas International Airways&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
2V: Amtrak (USA)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
2Z: 中国长安航空公司</p>
<p style="line-height: normal; ">3&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
3J: Zip (Canada)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
3K: Jetstar Asia&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
3Q: 中国云南航空公司&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
3U: 中国四川航空公司</p>
<p style="line-height: normal; ">4&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
4A: Air Kiribati&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
4D: Air Sinai&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
4G: 中国深圳航空公司&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
4L: Air Astana&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
4R: Hamburg International&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
4U: Germanwings</p>
<p style="line-height: normal; ">5&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
5C: Cargo Air Lines (Israel)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
5G: Skyservice Airlines (Can)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
5J: 宿雾航空 (Philippines)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
5L: Aerosur (Bolivia)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
5P: Skyeurope Airlines Hungary&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
5T: Canadian North (Canada)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
5W: Astraeus (UK)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
5X: United Parcel Service</p>
<p style="line-height: normal; ">6&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
6P: Club Air (ITA)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
6U: Air Ukraine&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
6W: Saratov</p>
<p style="line-height: normal; ">7&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
7B: Krasnojarsky Airlines&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
7F: First Air&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
7K: Kogalymavia Air Company&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
7L: Sun d'Or International Airlines</p>
<p style="line-height: normal; ">8&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
8A: Atlas Blue&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
8B: Caribbean Star Airlines&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
8C: Air Transport International/Horizon&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
8D: Expo Aviation/Servant Air/Astair&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
8E: Bering Air&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
8F: Fischer Air&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
8G: Angel Airlines&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
8H: Heli France&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
8I: Myway Airlines (myair.com-Italy)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
8J: Komiinteravia&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
8L: Cargo Plus Aviation/Redhill Aviation&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
8M: Myanmar Airways International/Maxair&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
8N: Nordkalottflyg AB&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
8O: West Coast Air&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
8P: Pacific Coastal Airlines&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
8Q: Onur Air Tasimacilik/Baker Aviation&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
8R: Transporte Aereo Regional do Interior Paulista/Edelweiss Air&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
8S: Scorpio Aviation&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
8T: Air Tindi&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
8U: Afriqiyah Airways&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
8V: Wright Air Service&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
8W: BAX Global&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
8Y: Air Burundi&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
8Z: Linea Aerea de Servicio Ejecutivo Regional</p>
<p style="line-height: normal; ">9&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
9D: Perm Airlines&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
9E: Pinnacle Airlines&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
9I: Thai Sky Airlines&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
9R: 布吉航空&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
9U: 摩尔多瓦航空&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
9W: Jet Airways</p>
<p style="line-height: normal; ">A&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
A2: Cielos del Peru (Argentina)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
A3: Aegean Airways (Greece)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
A4: Southern Winds (Argentina)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
A5: Airlinair (France)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
<br style="line-height: normal; " />
<br style="line-height: normal; " />
<br style="line-height: normal; " />
<br style="line-height: normal; " />
<br style="line-height: normal; " />
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br style="line-height: normal; " />
<br style="line-height: normal; " />
2 世界航空公司2字代码【实用】&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
A6: Air Alps Aviation (Austria)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
A7: Air Comet (Spain)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
A8: Benin Golf Air (Benin)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
A9: Airzena Georgian Airlines (Georgia)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
AA: 美国航空公司(美国)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
AB: Air Berlin (Germany)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
AC: 加拿大航空公司 (加拿大)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
AD: Air Paradise (Indonesia)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
AE: 华信航空公司 (台湾)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
AF: 法国航空公司 (法国)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
AG: Air Contractors (Ireland)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
AH: Air Algerie (Algeria)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
AI: 印度航空公司 (印度)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
AJ: Aero Contractors Company of Nigeria (Nigeria)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
AK: Air Asia (Malaysia)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
AL: Skyway Airlines/Midwest Connect (United States), Transaviaexport Cargo Airline (Belarus)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
AM: 墨西哥航空公司 (墨西哥)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
AN: Ansett Australia (Australia, now defunct)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
AO: Australian Airlines (Australia)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
AP: Air One (Italy)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
AQ: 阿罗哈航空公司 (美国)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
AR: 阿根廷航空公司 (阿根廷)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
AS: 阿拉斯加航空公司 (美国)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
AT: 摩洛哥皇家航空公司 (摩洛哥)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
AU: Austral Lineas Aereas-Cielos del Sur (Argentina)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
AV: Avianca (Aerovias Nacionales de Colombia) (Colombia)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
AW: Schreiner Airways (Netherlands), Dirgantara Air Services (Indonesia)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
AX: Trans State Airlines/American Connection (USA)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
AY: Finnair (Finland)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
AZ: Alitalia (Italy)</p>
<p style="line-height: normal; ">B&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
B2: Belavia (Belarus)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
B3: Beliview Airlines (Nigeria)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
B4: B.A.C.H. Flugbetriebs (Germany), Bankair (United States)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
B5: Amadeus Flugdienst (Germany)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
B6: 捷蓝航空 (美国)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
B7: 立荣航空 (台湾)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
B8: Eritrean Airways (Eritrea)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
B9: Iran Air Tours (Iran), Air Bangladesh (Bangladesh)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
BA: 英国航空 (联合王国)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
BB: Seaborne Airlines (United States)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
BC: Skymark Airlines (Japan)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
BD: 英伦航空(bmi) (联合王国)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
BE: Jersey European Airways/Flybe (United Kingdom)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
BF: Bluebird Cargo (Iceland), Aero-Service (Colombia)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
BG: Biman Bangladesh Airlines (Bangladesh)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
BH: Hawkair Aviation Services (Canada)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
BI: 文莱皇家航空 (文莱)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
BJ: Nouvelair Tunisia (Tunisia)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
BK: Potomac Air (United States)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
BL: 越南太平洋航空 (越南)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
BM: Bayu Indonesia Air (Indonesia), Air Sicilia (Italy)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
BN: Forward Air International Airlines (United States), Braniff International Airways (USA) defunct, Horizon Airlines Australia&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
BO: Bouraq Indonesia Airlines (Indonesia)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
BP: Air Botswana (Botswana)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
BQ: Aeromar Airlines (Dominican Republic)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
BR: 长荣航空 (台湾)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
BS: British International Helicopters (United Kingdom)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
BT: Air Baltic (Latvia)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
BU: (formerly) Braathens (Norway), merged into Scandinavian Airlines and now using designator SK&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
BV: Blue Panorama Airlines (Italy)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
BW: British West Indian Airways (Trinidad and Tobago)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
BX: Coast Air (Norway)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
BY: Britannia Airways (United Kingdom)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
BZ: Keystone Air Service (Canada), Blue Dart Aviation (India)</p>
<p style="line-height: normal; ">C&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
C0: Centralwings (Republic of Poland)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
C2: Air Luxor&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
C3: Independent Carrier&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
C4: Zimex Aviation Limited&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
C5: Champlain Enterprises&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
C6: CanJet&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
C7: Rico Linhas Aereas&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
C8: Chicago Express Airlines&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
C9: Cirrus Airlines&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
CA: 中国国际航空公司&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
CB: Suckling Airways&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
CC: Air Atlanta Icelandic/Macair Airlines&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
CD: Alliance Air&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
CE: Nationwide Airlines (SA)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
CF: City Airline&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
CG: 巴布亚新几内亚航空&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
CH: Bermidji Airlines&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
CI: 中华航空公司 (台湾)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
CJ: 中国北方航空公司&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
CK: China Cargo Airlines&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
<br style="line-height: normal; " />
<br style="line-height: normal; " />
<br style="line-height: normal; " />
<br style="line-height: normal; " />
<br style="line-height: normal; " />
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br style="line-height: normal; " />
<br style="line-height: normal; " />
3 世界航空公司2字代码【实用】&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
CL: Lufthansa CityLine&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
CM: Compania Panamena de Aviacion&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
CN: Westward Airways/Islands Nationair&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
CO: 美国大陆航空 (USA)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
CP: Canadian Airlines International/Canadian Pacific Airlinesdefunct&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
CQ: Sunshine Express Airlines&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
CR: OAG Worldwide (United Kingdom)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
CS: Continental Micronesia (No longer used)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
CU: Cubana&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
CV: Cargolux Airlines International&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
CW: 马绍尔群岛航空&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
CX: 国泰航空&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
CY: 塞浦路斯航空&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
CZ: 中国南方航空公司</p>
<p style="line-height: normal; ">D&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
D2: Damania Airways&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
D3: Daallo Airlines&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
D5: Nepc Airlines&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
D6: Inter Air&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
D7: Dinar Lineas Aereas&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
D8: Diamond Sakha Airlines&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
D9: Donavia (Rus.)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
DA: Air Georgia&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
DB: Brit Air&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
DC: Golden Air&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
DD: Conti-Flug, Nok Air (Thailand)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
DE: Prime Air Inc.&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
DF: Condor&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
DG: Eastern Pacific&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
DH: 独立航空/DHL&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
DI: Deutsche BA&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
DJ: Virgin Blue (Aus.)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
DK: Eastland Air&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
DL: 达美航空&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
DM: Maersk (Denmark)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
DN: Air Exel Belgique&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
DO: Dominicana&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
DP: Air 2000&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
DQ: Coastal Air Transport&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
DR: Hy&egrave;res Aero Services&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
DS: Air Senegal&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
DT: TAAG Angola Airlines&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
DU: Hemus Air&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
DV: Nantucket Airlines&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
DW: Helicopter Shuttle&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
DX: Danish Air Transport&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
DY: Norwegian Air Shuttle&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
DZ: Air Metro North</p>
<p style="line-height: normal; ">E&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
E2: Edelweiss Holdings&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
E3: Domodedovo Airlines&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
E4: Aero Asia International (Pakistan)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
E5: Samara Airlines&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
E7: European Aviation Air/Estafeta Carga Aerea&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
E8: ALPI Eagles S.p.A.&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
E9: Boston-Maine Airways&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
EA: European Air Express&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
EC: Avialeasing Aviation&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
ED: Airblue&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
EE: Aero Airlines&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
EF: 远东航空公司(台湾)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
EG: 日本亚细亚航空&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
EH: SAETA Sociedad An&oacute;nima Ecuatoriana de Transportes A&eacute;reos&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
EI: Aer Lingus&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
EJ: New England Airlines&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
EK: 阿联酋国际航空&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
EL: 日空航空&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
EM: Empire Airlines/Aero Benin&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
EN: Air Dolomiti&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
EO: Express One International/Hewa Bora Airways&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
EP: Iran Aseman Airlines&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
EQ: TAME (Transportes A&eacute;reos Militares Ecuatorianos); slogan: &quot;La l&iacute;nea a&eacute;rea del Ecuador&quot;&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
ER: Astar Air Cargo&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
ES: DHL International&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
ET: 埃塞俄比亚航空&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
EU: Ecuatoriana [de Aviaci&oacute;n]&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
EV: Atlantic Southeast Airlines&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
EW: Eurowings&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
EX: Aerolineas Santo Domingo&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
EY: Etihad Airways/Eagle Air&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
EZ: Evergreen International Airlines/Sun Air of Scandinavia</p>
<p style="line-height: normal; ">F&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
F6: 中国航空股份有限公司&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
F9: 先锋航空&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
FB: Bulgaria Air&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
FC: Finncomm Airlines (Finland)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
FD: Thai AirAsia&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
FG: Ariana Afghan Airlines&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
FI: Icelandair&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
FJ: Air Pacific&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
FL: AirTran Airways&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
FM: 中国上海航空公司&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
FQ: Thomas Cook Airlines Belgium&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
FR: Ryanair / Centre-South (Rus.)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
FV: Pulkovo Aviation (Russia)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
FW: Fairinc (Jap.)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
FX: 联邦快递</p>
<p style="line-height: normal; ">G&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
G0: Ghana International Airlines&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
G4: Allegiant Air (United States)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
G5: Enkor (Rus.)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
G8: 中国长城航空公司&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
GA: Garuda Indonesia&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
GB: ABX Air (USA)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
GC: Gambia International Airlines&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
GE: TransAsia Airways&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
GF: Gulf Air&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
GH: Ghana Airways&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
GM: 斯洛伐克航空&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
GN: Air Gabon&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
GQ: Big Sky Airlines (United States)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
GT: GB Airways (Spain)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
GW: Kubun Airlines</p>
<p style="line-height: normal; ">H&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
H2: Sky Airline (Chile)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
H4: 中国海南航空公司&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
H5: Magadan Airlines&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
H8: Dalavia&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
HA: [[夏威夷航空]&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
HG: Niki&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
HM: Air Seychelles&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
HP: 美西航空&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
HV: Transavia Holland&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
<br style="line-height: normal; " />
<br style="line-height: normal; " />
<br style="line-height: normal; " />
<br style="line-height: normal; " />
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br style="line-height: normal; " />
<br style="line-height: normal; " />
4 世界航空公司2字代码【实用】&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
HY: 乌兹别克斯坦航空</p>
<p style="line-height: normal; ">I&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
IB: Iberia&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
IC: Indian Airlines Corporation&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
IG: Meridiana (Italy)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
IN: Macedonian Airlines&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
IR: Iran Air&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
IV: 中国福建航空公司&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
IW: AOM French Airlines&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
IY: 也门航空 (也门)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
IZ: Arkia Israeli Airlines</p>
<p style="line-height: normal; ">J&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
J2: Azal Azerbaijan Airlines&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
J7: Centre-Avia&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
JB: HeliJet&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
JJ: Aviogenex&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
JK: Spanair&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
JL: 日本航空&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
JM: Air Jamaica&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
JO: JALways&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
JP: Adria Airways&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
JQ: JetStar&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
JS: Air Koryo&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
JT: Lion Air&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
JU: Jat Airways&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
JW: Arrow Cargo (USA)</p>
<p style="line-height: normal; ">K&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
KA: 港龙航空&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
KB: Druk Air (Bhutan)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
KE: 大韩航空 (韩国)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
KF: former Air Botnia Blue1 (Finland)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
KL: 荷兰皇家航空 (KLM) (荷兰)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
KM: 马耳他航空&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
KQ: 肯尼亚航空&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
KU: 科威特航空&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
KV: Kavminvodyavia (Russia)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
KW: Kelowna Flightcraft&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
KX: Cayman Airways (Cayman Islands)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
KZ: 日本货物航空</p>
<p style="line-height: normal; ">L&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
L4: Lauda Italy&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
LA: Lan Chile&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
LB: Lloyd Aereo Boliviano (Bolivia)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
LD: 香港华民航空&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
LG: Luxair&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
LH: 德国汉莎航空&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
LJ: Sierra National Airlines (Liberia)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
LK: Air Luxor&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
LL: Lineas Aeras Allegro (Mexico)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
LN: Libyan Arab Airlines&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
LO: Lot Polish Airlines&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
LP: LAN Peru&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
LR: Lacsa/TACA&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
LS: Channel Express Air Services Ltd. (D.B.A. Jet2.com)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
LT: LTU International Airways&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
LX: 瑞士航空公司 (formerly Crossair)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
LY: Elal-Israel Airlines&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
LZ: Balkan Bulgarian Airlines</p>
<p style="line-height: normal; ">M&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
MA: MAL&Eacute;V Hungarian Airlines&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
MB: MNG Cargo Airlines&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
MD: Air Madagascar&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
ME: Middle East Airlines&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
MF: 中国厦门航空公司&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
MH: 马来西亚航空&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
MI: Silkair&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
MK: Air Mauritius Ltd&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
MM: Euroatlantic Airways&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
MP: Martinair Holland&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
MR: Air Mauritania&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
MS: Egypt Air&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
MT: Thomas Cook Airlines UK&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
MU: 中国东方航空公司&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
MV: Armenian International Airways&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
MX: Mexicana de Aviaci&oacute;n (Mexico)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
MZ: Merpati Nusantara Airlines</p>
<p style="line-height: normal; ">N&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
N3: Omskavia&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
NB: Sterling&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
NE: Skyeurope Airlines&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
NG: Lauda Air&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
NH: 全日本空输&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
NI: Portugalia&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
NK: Spirit Airlines (United States)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
NL: Shaheen (Pakistan)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
NQ: Air Japan&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
NV: 中日本航空株式会社 (JPN)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
NX: 澳门航空公司&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
NW: 西北航空 (美国)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
NZ: 新西兰航空</p>
<p style="line-height: normal; ">O&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
OA: 奥林匹亚航空 (希腊)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
OB: Astrahan Airlines (Rus.)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
OH: Comair (USA)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
OK: 捷克航空(CSA) (捷克)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
OM: MIAT (Mongolian Airlines)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
OO: SkyWest&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
OS: 奥地利航空&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
OU: 克罗的亚航空&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
OV: Estonian Air&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
OW: Executive Airlines (USA)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
OX: orient Thai Airlines&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
OZ: 韩亚航空 (韩国)</p>
<p style="line-height: normal; ">P&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
P2: UTair (Rus.)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
P7: EastLine (Rus.)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
PE: Air Europe SPA&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
PG: Bangkok Airways&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
PK: 巴基斯坦国际航空&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
PO: Polar (USA)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
PR: 菲律宾航空&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
PS: 乌克兰国际航空&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
PX: Air Niugini</p>
<p style="line-height: normal; ">Q&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
Q3: PB Air (Thailand)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
Q5: 40-Mile Air (USA)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
QF: 澳洲航空&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
QQ: Alliance Airlines, Reno Air (USA) defunct&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
QR: Qatar Airways&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
QS: Travel Service Airlines&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
QV: Lao Airlines&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
QX: Horizon Air (USA)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
QZ: Air Canada Jazz (Canada)</p>
<p style="line-height: normal; ">R&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
R2: orenburg Airlines (Rus.)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
R4: Russia Airline&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
RA: Royal Nepal Airlines Corporation&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
RB: Syrian Arab Airlines&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
RC: Atlantic Airways&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
RE: Aer Arann&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
RF: Florida West International Airways&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
RG: Varig (Brazilian Airlines)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
RI: Mandala Airlines&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
RJ: Royal Jordanian&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
RQ: Kam Air (Afghanistan)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
RN: Air Horizons&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
RO: Tarom Romanian Air Transport&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
<br style="line-height: normal; " />
<br style="line-height: normal; " />
<br style="line-height: normal; " />
<br style="line-height: normal; " />
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br style="line-height: normal; " />
<br style="line-height: normal; " />
5 世界航空公司2字代码【实用】&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
<br style="line-height: normal; " />
S&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
S2: Air Sahara (India)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
S4: SATA International&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
S7: Siberia Airlines&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
S9: East African Safari Air&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
SA: 南非航空公司&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
SC: 中国山东航空公司&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
SD: Sudan Airways&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
SG: Jetsgo&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
SH: FlyMe&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
SJ: Freedom Air&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
SK: 斯堪地那维亚航空&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
SN: SN Brussels Airlines&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
SQ: 新加坡航空&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
SR: (formerly) Swissair&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
SU: Aeroflot Russian Airlines&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
SV: Saudi Arabian Airlines&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
SY: Sun Country Airlines&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
SZ: 中国西南航空公司</p>
<p style="line-height: normal; ">T&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
T4: Hellas Jet&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
T5: Turkmenistan/Akhal&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
T7: Twin Jet&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
T9: TransMerridian Airlines (USA)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
TA: TACA&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
TE: Lithuanian Airlines&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
TG: 泰国航空 International&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
TL: Trans Mediterranean Airways (TMA)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
TK: Turkish Airlines&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
TN: Air Tahiti Nui&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
TP: Tap Air Portugal&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
TQ: Tandem Aero&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
TR: Tiger Airways&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
TS: Air Transat&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
TT: Air Lithuania&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
TU: Tunisair&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
TX: Air Caraibes&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
TZ: ATA Airlines</p>
<p style="line-height: normal; ">U&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
U2: easyJet (UK)/UFS (USA)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
U5: USA 3000 Airlines&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
U6: Ural Airlines&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
U8: Armavia&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
U9: Tatarstan JSC Aircompany&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
UA: 联合航空 (美国)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
UB: Myanmar Airways&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
UL: Air Lanka&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
UM: Air Zimbabwe&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
UN: Transaero Airlines (Russia)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
UO: 港联航空&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
UQ: O'Connor Airlines (Aus)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
US: 全美航空&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
UU: Air Austral&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
UX: Air Europa Lineas Aereas&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
UY: Cameroon Airlines</p>
<p style="line-height: normal; ">V&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
V7: Air Senegal&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
V9: Bashkir Airlines&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
VA: Volare Airlines/VIASA (Venezolana Internacional de Avacion)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
VD: Air Liberte&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
VF: Valuair&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
VH: Aeropostal (Venezuela)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
VI: Volga-Dnepr&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
VN: 越南航空&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
VR: Cape Verde Airlines (TACV)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
VS: 维珍航空&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
VV: Aerosvit&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
VZ: MyTravel Airways (UK)</p>
<p style="line-height: normal; ">W&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
W2: Canadian Western Airlines (Canada)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
W3: Flyhy Cargo Airlines (Thailand)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
W5: Mahan Air (Iran)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
W6: Wizzair&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
W8: Cargojet Airways Ltd. (Canada)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
W9: Sky Service Bvba (UK), Eastwind Airlines, Inc. (USA)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
WD: DAS Air Cargo&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
WF: Wider&oslash;e&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
WH: 中国西北航空公司&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
WK: American Falcon, S.A. (Argentina)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
WN: Southwest Airlines (USA)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
WO: World Airways, Inc (USA)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
WS: WestJet (Canada)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
WU: 中国武汉航空公司&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
WV: Swe Fly (Sweden)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
WW: bmibaby Limited (UK)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
WX: CityJet (Ireland)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
WY: Oman Air</p>
<p style="line-height: normal; ">X&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
X0: 中国新疆航空公司&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
X2: 中国新华航空公司&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
X3: Hapag-Lloyd Express (Germany)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
X5: Afrique Airlines&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
X7: Chitaavia (Rus.)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
XF: Vladivostok Avia&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
XJ: Mesaba Airlines&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
XK: CCM Airlines&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
XM: J-Air (Jap.)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
XO: LTE International Airways&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
XS: SITA (Fra.)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
XT: KLM Exel</p>
<p style="line-height: normal; ">Y&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
YK: Air Kibris (Turkish Airlines)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
YL: Yamal Airlines (Rus.)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
YM: Montenegro Airlines (SCG)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
YS: R&eacute;gional Compagnie Aerienne Europ&eacute;enne&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
YT: Air Togo&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
YV: Mesa Airlines (USA)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
YW: Air Nostrum&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
YX: 中西航空 (美国)</p>
<p style="line-height: normal; ">Z&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
Z2: 中国中原航空公司&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
Z4: Zoom Airlines (Canada)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
ZA: Astair (Russia)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
ZE: L&iacute;neas A&eacute;reas Azteca (Mexico)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
ZI: Aigle Azur (France)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
ZL: Regional Express&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
ZN: Air Bourbon&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
ZS: Azzurra Air&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
ZU: 塞浦路斯赫利俄斯航空公司(Helios Airways)&nbsp;<br style="line-height: normal; " />
ZW: 美国威斯康星航空公司(Air Wisconsin)</p>
<p style="line-height: normal; "><br style="line-height: normal; " />
注：以上均为参考，有意可以多多添加一些实用的航空代码。</p>
</span></p>]]></summary>
	  <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.agou.net/article.asp?id=648" /> 
	  <id>http://www.agou.net/default.asp?id=648</id>
  </entry>	
		
  <entry>
	  <title type="html"><![CDATA[在线弹钢琴]]></title>
	  <author>
		 <name>agou</name>
		 <uri>http://www.agou.net/</uri>
		 <email>agou@live.com,agou@live.cn</email>
	  </author>
	  <category term="" scheme="http://www.agou.net/default.asp?cateID=7" label="孑缘收藏" /> 
	  <updated>2008-11-27T23:30:58+08:00</updated>
	  <published>2008-11-27T23:30:58+08:00</published>
		  <summary type="html"><![CDATA[<p>&nbsp;<object codebase="http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=6,0,29,0" height="400" width="550" classid="clsid:D27CDB6E-AE6D-11cf-96B8-444553540000">
<param name="_cx" value="14552" />
<param name="_cy" value="10583" />
<param name="FlashVars" value="" />
<param name="Movie" value="http://www.alijj.net/flash/gangqin.swf" />
<param name="Src" value="http://www.alijj.net/flash/gangqin.swf" />
<param name="WMode" value="Window" />
<param name="Play" value="0" />
<param name="Loop" value="-1" />
<param name="Quality" value="High" />
<param name="SAlign" value="" />
<param name="Menu" value="-1" />
<param name="Base" value="" />
<param name="AllowScriptAccess" value="" />
<param name="Scale" value="ShowAll" />
<param name="DeviceFont" value="0" />
<param name="EmbedMovie" value="0" />
<param name="BGColor" value="" />
<param name="SWRemote" value="" />
<param name="MovieData" value="" />
<param name="SeamlessTabbing" value="1" />
<param name="Profile" value="0" />
<param name="ProfileAddress" value="" />
<param name="ProfilePort" value="0" />
<param name="AllowNetworking" value="all" />
<param name="AllowFullScreen" value="false" />                                                 <embed src="http://www.alijj.net/flash/gangqin.swf" quality="high" pluginspage="http://www.macromedia.com/go/getflashplayer" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" width="550" height="400"></embed>               </object></p>
<div id="tips">使用说明:26个字母 26个钢琴键<br />
请关闭汉字输入法 点一下上面的FLASH才可正常使用<br />
可以用a-z来弹 也可以用鼠标  <br />
如果您喜欢这个游戏,发给您的朋友一起来玩吧!</div>
<div>flash下载<span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0); "><strong>http://www.alijj.net/flash/gangqin.swf</strong></span></div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div id="song"><hr />
<h5>《月亮代表我的心》</h5>
<div class="song">LOQSONQS STUVTS QPOOO QPOOO PQPOMPQP LOQSONQS STUVTS QPOOO QPOOO  PQPMNOPO QSQPOSN MNMNMLQ SQPOSN MNOOOPQP LOQSONQS STUVTS QPOOO QPOOO PQPMNOPO</div>
<hr />
<h5>《童话》</h5>
<div class="song">LONOL LONOL LONO OOMML <br />
LONOL LQPPO LONOM MMOTS <br />
PPRRQQ  QQNPOONO ONOR LSRQP <br />
PPRRQQ QQVUTUV VPOT TTSSS <br />
LSRQQRQ QRQ RQPO <br />
OQST  TTSPPRQ OQST <br />
TTSPPRQRQPO PQMMOONO</div>
<hr />
<h5>《小星星》</h5>
<div class="song">OOSSTTSRRQQPPO <br />
SSRRQQP SSRRQQP<br />
OOSSTTS RRQQPPO</div>
<hr />
<h5>《安静》</h5>
<div class="song">QQQQPONPPPO LQPOOOLQPOOP <br />
QQQQPONPPPO LQPOOOLQPOOPPQR  <br />
RRRRQPOOOPP LSSSRQPPPQQ <br />
MRQRQPOONOL QRQRQPOPS <br />
LQRSRQSLQRSRQS  LQRSRQOPPPQO <br />
SSOONOOSSOONOO RRQQPPORRQQPPO <br />
LQRSRQSLQRSRQS LQRSRQOPPPQO  <br />
SSOONOOSSOONOO RRQQPPOORQPOMOO</div>
<hr />
<h5>《心语心愿》</h5>
<div class="song">TVUTSTQ TSTVUVUTUV VWXXXXW VUTUS TVUTST QSTXWVUV VUTTTTSSTQ  SSTXWVUVV VUTTSUT</div>
<hr />
<h5>《会呼吸的痛》</h5>
<div class="song">STVTXXTW WWVUVWXWSV <br />
VUTUVRRRVVWVSSS SYXWXX <br />
STVTXXTW  WWVUVWXWSVV <br />
VUTUVRRRVVWVSSS STUVVUVV</div>
<hr />
<h5>《欢乐颂》</h5>
<div class="song">J J K L L K J I H H I J J I I<br />
J J K L L K J I H H I J I H H  <br />
I I J H I J K J H I J K J I H I E <br />
J J K L L K J I H H I J I H H</div>
<hr />
<h5>《千千阙歌》</h5>
<div class="song">HHIJ LMONNNLJ <br />
IIIJK MOQPPNL<br />
HHIJ LMONNNLJ <br />
IIIJK  MOQPPNL<br />
MLMLMNNMN PPPPNOPQ<br />
QQPPPOQ NLM<br />
LMOPQQPQ QPOP OMM <br />
LMOP QQPQ  QSTSQQ<br />
QQPPOPOM QQRQPOP QQ Q P<br />
POP OMOO</div>
<hr />
<h5>《婚礼进行曲》</h5>
<div class="song">HKKK HLJK HKNNMLKJKL <br />
HKKK HLJK HKMOMKILMK<br />
NMLII JKLL  NMLII JKLL <br />
HKKK HLJK HKMOMKILMK<br />
ILMKK</div>
<hr />
<h5>《痴心绝对》</h5>
<div class="song">OPQQQRQPPOPPSP <br />
ONOOOQQOOMNNQNMLMMMRRQSO  <br />
MLMMMRROOMPOOPQQQRQPPOPPSP <br />
ONOOOQQOOMNNQNMLMMRRQSO  <br />
MLMMMRROOONO</div>
<hr />
<h5>《好好恋爱》</h5>
<div class="song">JKLLLLLKJIIL <br />
NNONOOO PQNNLH MMMJMO LLLLJH <br />
KKKJKL MMMOMLJ  KJJKLLL LJIHHO <br />
NMLML JHHMM LLLKJ <br />
OOOONOPP LRQLLRP LRQRQRQPO <br />
ONMMQMQ  MLLQLQL RQRQOP <br />
LRQLLRSP LRQQQ RQPQONMM QMQMLL QLQPOM</div>
<hr />
<h5>《会呼吸的痛》</h5>
<div class="song">STVTXXTW WWVUVWXWSV <br />
VUTUVRRRVVWVSSS SYXWXX <br />
STVTXXTW  WWVUVWXWSVV <br />
VUTUVRRRVVWVSSS STUVVUVV</div>
<hr />
<h5>《樱花》</h5>
<div class="song">MMN- MMN- (-延长音的意思) <br />
MNON MNMK- (下划线是连音的意思) <br />
J HJ K JJHG-  <br />
MMN- MMN- <br />
JKNMK J - - -</div>
<hr />
<h5>《想唱就唱》</h5>
<div class="song">onopol jkkklj <br />
onopol lmmmon <br />
onopqolj opolj <br />
onopqolo  rqpoq <br />
qrst oopqp <br />
pqrs srqpq <br />
qrstss uuvuspq rqrs <br />
qrst oopqp  <br />
pqs quuqv vuvtsoo tsrqrs ts <br />
qrst oopqp <br />
pqrs srqpq <br />
qrstss uuvuspq  rqrs <br />
qrst oopqp <br />
pqs quuqv vuvtsoo tsrqrs</div>
<hr />
<h5>《梦里》</h5>
<div class="song">qqqqqqpo lmoooomq <br />
qqqqstsqp lpppppsq <br />
qqrs oopq llmoqpsq  <br />
qqrs oopq llmoqpoo <br />
opqrsssrqrss <br />
ssssvtsq <br />
qqpo opm moppppqp  <br />
opqrsssrqrss <br />
ssssvtsq <br />
qqpo opm mopqqqqpom <br />
qqqqqqpo lmoooomq  <br />
qqqqstsqp lpppppsq <br />
qqrs oopq llmoqpsq <br />
qqrs oopq llmoqpoo  <br />
opqrsssrqrss <br />
ssssvtsq <br />
qqpo opm moppppqp <br />
opqrsssrqrss  <br />
ssssvtsq <br />
qqpo opm mopqqqqmpqt</div>
<hr />
<h5>《北京欢迎你》</h5>
<div class="song">qsqpqpq qomoqp pomopqsp qtsmpo pomoqssq qtstst pqpostsq mqq p  q<br />
qsvst tsqqss qstvxvsqpsq qsvst vwvsqsvt qpqsxp v v</div>
</div>
<div>qpqsxwwvv  qpqswwvv&nbsp;</div>]]></summary>
	  <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.agou.net/article.asp?id=647" /> 
	  <id>http://www.agou.net/default.asp?id=647</id>
  </entry>	
		
  <entry>
	  <title type="html"><![CDATA[“The-Cat-is-Out-of-The-Bag” DNS Bug]]></title>
	  <author>
		 <name>agou</name>
		 <uri>http://www.agou.net/</uri>
		 <email>agou@live.com,agou@live.cn</email>
	  </author>
	  <category term="" scheme="http://www.agou.net/default.asp?cateID=4" label="学无止境" /> 
	  <updated>2008-11-27T00:17:27+08:00</updated>
	  <published>2008-11-27T00:17:27+08:00</published>
		  <summary type="html"><![CDATA[<p class="MsoNormal"><span>There has been a lot of hush-hush recently regarding a </span><a href="http://www.doxpara.com/?p=1165"><span><font color="#0c719d">DNS security issue</font></span></a><span> finding by </span><a href="http://www.doxpara.com/?page_id=1159"><span><font color="#0c719d">Dan Kaminsky</font></span></a><span>. Industry wide coordinated effort led by Dan ensured that </span><a href="http://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/800113"><span><font color="#0c719d">patches</font></span></a><span> were released by multiple vendors. Even though the technical details of the issue were not yet made public by Dan, an </span><a href="http://www.matasano.com/log/1105/regarding-the-post-on-chargen-earlier-today/"><span><font color="#0c719d">inadvertent</font></span></a><span> leak by Matasano Security blog seems to have given out a lot of the information regarding the issue. At this time I cannot confirm that the findings published on the leaked (and subsequently </span><a href="http://www.matasano.com/log/1103/reliable-dns-forgery-in-2008-kaminskys-discovery/"><span><font color="#0c719d">removed</font></span></a><span>) blog are in fact the same details that Dan is to make public at Black Hat, but the scenarios described in </span><a href="http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2008/Jul/0375.html"><span><font color="#0c719d">there</font></span></a><span> are a very serious threat to the Internet at large. As has been discussed on a number of </span><a href="http://blogs.iss.net/archive/dnsout.html"><span><font color="#0c719d">follow-on</font></span></a><span> </span><a href="http://addxorrol.blogspot.com/2008/07/on-dans-request-for-no-speculation.html"><span><font color="#0c719d">blogs</font></span></a><span> and </span><a href="http://blogs.zdnet.com/security/?p=1520"><span><font color="#0c719d">articles</font></span></a><span>, the threat emerges from two different issues with DNS protocol.</span></p>
<div class="MsoNormal"><span><strong>1. Prediction of Source Port and Transaction ID:</strong> DNS primarily uses UDP packets to send questions and receive answers. The image below depicts a very simple scenario where a Client is trying to look up the IP address for www.bob.com.<br />
<img height="376" alt="Normal DNS Lookup" src="http://vil.nai.com/images/AvertBlog-dns-bug-1-502.JPG" width="502" /></span></div>
<p><span><span>Also, a DNS question (request) and answer (response) UDP packets have the following simple structure.</span></span></p>
<p><img height="376" alt="DNS Packets" src="http://vil.nai.com/images/AvertBlog-dns-bug-2-502.JPG" width="502" /></p>
<p><span><span><span>The Client will accept any packet as an answer to its question as long as the packet is coming from the DNS Server, the source &amp; destination ports match the destination &amp; source port of the question packet, and most importantly the Transaction ID and Question match its question. An attacker can spoof such an answer packet as long as he can pretend to be the DNS server and also guess the source port (SP1) and transaction ID (TID1) (the destination port is usually 53). The attacker also needs to make sure his spoofed answer packet reaches the Client before the actual answer packet from the legitimate DNS Server. The image below depicts a very simple attack scenario.<br />
<img alt="DNS Attack Scenario" src="http://vil.nai.com/images/AvertBlog-dns-bug-3-502.JPG" /></span></span></span></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span><span><span><strong>2. Additional Resource Records: </strong><span>&nbsp;</span>When a DNS server replies to a question, it can also include additional information in the answer to make future process efficient. A typical answer to a question such as &ldquo;What is the IP for www.bob.com?&rdquo; from Client DNS server to bob.com DNS server may look like the following image.<br />
<img alt="Normal DNS Packet" src="http://vil.nai.com/images/AvertBlog-dns-bug-4-502.JPG" /><br />
</span></span></span><span><span><span>So the next time when Client DNS server needs to know the IP for another of bob.com domain, such as mail.bob.com, it will send a question directly to either the DNS server at 1.1.1.254 or 1.1.1.244. </span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span>Combining above two issues is what makes it more interesting. If an attacker is successful in predicting the source port and transaction ID (as in Issue 1 described above), and also inserts the additional information into the spoofed answer packet with the DNS servers pointing to the IP of his evil DNS server (as in Issue 2 described above), he can control the traffic directed for bob.com domain. Below is an image showing such a spoofed answer packet.</span></span>&nbsp;</p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph"><span><img height="376" alt="Attack DNS Packet" src="http://vil.nai.com/images/AvertBlog-dns-bug-5-502.JPG" width="502" /><br />
Although everything looks simple in theory, the two important keys to successful exploitation lie in the process for guessing the source port and the transaction IDs. In reality a large number of attempts are required by an attacker to guess the source port and the transaction ID of a DNS question before an answer from legitimate DNS server is received by the victim. Some of the DNS implementations do not completely randomize the transaction IDs. They may also use the same source port to connect to the same destination DNS server to resolve a series of questions within a short time period.<span>&nbsp; </span>Such patterns can be identified by an attacker by sending recon probes to the victim name server to lookup for domains controlled by the attacker. This combined with other strategies such as the </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birthday_attack"><span><font color="#0c719d">birthday attack</font></span></a><span> make it possible to guess the source port and transaction ID in a relatively short number of attempts.</span></p>
<div class="MsoListParagraph"><span><span>Another reason to take the issue more seriously is the scenario where the victim name server is behind a NAT device that does a poor translation from the internal random source port to a sequential external source port (or any other fixed pattern source port). <span>&nbsp;</span>This just makes the job of the attacker less challenging. </span></span></div>
<p><span><span>It should be noted that both DNS clients and server are vulnerable to these issues although the potential impact of a successful exploitation is greater when a DNS server cache can be poisoned. If you would like to know whether your DNS server is vulnerable you can check out Dan&rsquo;s </span><a href="http://www.doxpara.com/"><span><font color="#0c719d">DNS CHECKER</font></span></a><span> or follow some of the suggestion on </span><a href="http://isc.sans.org/diary.html?storyid=4765"><span><font color="#0c719d">Sans Dairy</font></span></a><span>. McAfee customers with <span>McAfee Network Security Platform (formerly IntruShield)</span> line of products are protected by the following attack signature id <span>0&times;40303200</span> that was released in sigset4.1.30.4 and sigset 3.1.67.3. </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>In closing, I think these are very serious issues in DNS protocol and not necessarily the only issues that Dan will be presenting at Black Hat. I&nbsp;guess we can wait a few more days to get complete details.</span></p>]]></summary>
	  <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.agou.net/article.asp?id=646" /> 
	  <id>http://www.agou.net/default.asp?id=646</id>
  </entry>	
		
  <entry>
	  <title type="html"><![CDATA[Cisco路由器全局、接口、协议调试指南]]></title>
	  <author>
		 <name>agou</name>
		 <uri>http://www.agou.net/</uri>
		 <email>agou@live.com,agou@live.cn</email>
	  </author>
	  <category term="" scheme="http://www.agou.net/default.asp?cateID=4" label="学无止境" /> 
	  <updated>2008-11-26T01:12:35+08:00</updated>
	  <published>2008-11-26T01:12:35+08:00</published>
		  <summary type="html"><![CDATA[<p><strong>全局调试</strong></p>
<p>在配置Cisco路由器时，全局和接口命令的界限是十分明显的。在这种情况下，我们使用&ldquo;全局&rdquo;来标识那些不能用于接口调试或者特定的传输介质类型和协议调试的命令。例如，在2500系列路由器中，就可以使用调试命令分析Cisco发现协议(Cisco Discovery Protocol，CDP)。我们通过telnet远程登录到路由器。在缺省方式下，调试命令的输出被发送到控制台，如果处于telnet会话中 ，我们可以使用terminal monitor命令查看输出。</p>
<p><strong>接口调试</strong></p>
<p>debug serial interface命令是直接与路由器接口和传输介质类型相关的调试命令。在下面的示例中，串行接口采用HDLC封装。端到端的HDLC保持活跃的报文每 10秒钟交换一次。这表明链路操作正常并且第二层工作正常。show interface serial0命令表明线路协议正常启动。使用undebug all命令关闭所有的调试。</p>
<p>
<table cellspacing="0" bordercolordark="#ffffff" cellpadding="2" width="400" align="center" bordercolorlight="#000000" border="1">
    <tbody>
        <tr>
            <td class="code" bgcolor="#e6e6e6">
            <pre>
YH-Router#debug serial interface

Serial network interface debugging is on

YH-Router#

Jun 1 21:54:55 PDT:Serial0: HDLC myseq 171093, mineseen 171093*, yourseen 1256540,line up

Jun 1 21:55:05 PDT:Serial0: HDLC myseq 171094, mineseen 171094*, yourseen 1256541,line up

Jun 1 21:54:15 PDT:Serial0: HDLC myseq 171095, mineseen 171095*, yourseen 1256542,line up

YH-Router#undebug all

All possible debugging has been turned off

</pre>
            </td>
        </tr>
    </tbody>
</table>
</p>
<p><strong>协议调试</strong></p>
<p>下面我们举协议调试的两个示例。两个示例都与IP协议有关。当然，调试命令适用于所有的其他协议。</p>
<p>第一个示例(如下所示)显示ARP调试。ARP调试启动，然后清除ARP缓存，同时产生了ARP请求和响应。首先，我们使用命令清除了路由器上所有的ARP缓存，因此路由器连接的每一个局域网段都将产生ARP报文。因为我们不需要产生过多的ARP报文，所以所选择的路由器仅与一个以太网段相连。</p>
<p>
<table cellspacing="0" bordercolordark="#ffffff" cellpadding="2" width="400" align="center" bordercolorlight="#000000" border="1">
    <tbody>
        <tr>
            <td class="code" bgcolor="#e6e6e6">
            <pre>
YH-Router#debug arp

ARP packet debugging is on

YH-Router#clear arp

YH-Router#

*Jun 1 21:57:36 PDT: IP ARP: sent req src 171.136.10.1 00e0.1eb9.bbcd

dst 171.136.10.34 00a0.24d1.5823 Ethernet0

*Jun 1 21:57:36 PDT: IP ARP: sent req src 171.136.10.1 00e0.1eb9.bbcd

dst 171.136.10.10 0080.5f06.ca3d Ethernet0

......

*Jun 1 21:57:36 PDT: IP ARP: rcvd req src 171.136.10.10 0080.5f06.ca3d, dst 171.136.10.1 Ethernet0

*Jun 1 21:57:36 PDT: IP ARP: creating entry for IP address:171.136.10.10,hw: 0080.5f06.ca3d

......
</pre>
            </td>
        </tr>
    </tbody>
</table>
</p>
<p>第二个示例(如下所示)显示IP RIP调试。在调试开始时，并没有清空路由器表，因为路由器每隔30秒自动进行一次RIP更新，因此不需要强 制更新。与第一个示例中类似，在获得了足够的信息后应该关闭所有的调试。</p>
<table cellspacing="0" bordercolordark="#ffffff" cellpadding="2" width="400" align="center" bordercolorlight="#000000" border="1">
    <tbody>
        <tr>
            <td class="code" bgcolor="#e6e6e6">
            <pre>
YH-Router#debug ip rip events

RIP event debugging is on

YH-Router#

NOV 27 13:55:45 PST: RIP: sending v1 update to 255.255.255.255 via TokenRing1/0 (165.48.65.136)

NOV 27 13:55:45 PST: RIP: Update contains 25 routes

NOV 27 13:55:45 PST: RIP: Update queued

NOV 27 13:55:45 PST: RIP: Update contains 6 routes

NOV 27 13:55:45 PST: RIP: Update queued

NOV 27 13:55:45 PST: RIP: Update sent via TokenRing1/0

......

YH-Router#undeb all

All possible debugging has been turned off
</pre>
            </td>
        </tr>
    </tbody>
</table>
<p><strong>Ping命令</strong></p>
<p>Ping是最常使用的故障诊断与排除命令。它由一组ICMP回应请求报文组成，如果网络正常运行将返回一组回应应答报文。ICMP消息以IP数据包传输，因此接收到ICMP回应应答消息能够表明第三层以下的连接都工作正常。</p>
<p>Cisco的ping命令不但支持IP协议，而且支持大多数其他的桌面协议，如IPX和AppleTalk协议的ping命令。我们首先看一下支持IP协议的ping命令以用户EXEC方式执行的情况，然后再讨论在特权模式下，扩展的ping命令包含的许多强大功能。</p>
<p><strong>用户执行模式</strong></p>
<p>IP PING 简单的IP ping既可以在用户模式下执行，也可以在特权模式下执行。正常情况下，命令会发送回5个回应请求，5个惊叹号表明所有的请求都成功地接收到了响应。输出中还包括最大、最小和平均往返时间等信息。</p>
<p>每一个&ldquo;!&rdquo;表明一个echo响应被成功的接受，如果不是&ldquo;!&rdquo;号，则表明echo响应未被接收到的原因:</p>
<table cellspacing="0" bordercolordark="#ffffff" cellpadding="2" width="400" align="center" bordercolorlight="#000000" border="1">
    <tbody>
        <tr>
            <td class="code" bgcolor="#e6e6e6">
            <pre>
! 响应成功接收

&middot; 请求超时

U 目的不可达

P 协议不可达

N 网络不可达

Q 源抑制

M 不能分段

? 不可知报文类型
</pre>
            </td>
        </tr>
    </tbody>
</table>
<p>IPX PING IPX ping命令只能在运行IOS v 8.2及其以上版本的路由器上执行。用户模式下的IPX ping通常仅用于测试Cisco路由器接口。在特权模式下，用户可以ping特定的NOVELL工作站，命令的格式为&ldquo;ping ipx IPX地址&rdquo;。</p>
<p>APPLETALE PING 该命令使用Apple Echo Protocol(AEP)以确认AppleTalk节点之间的连通性。需要注意的是，目前的Cisco路由器仅对以太 网接口支持Apple Echo Protocol。命令的格式为&ldquo;ping apple Appletalk地址&rdquo;。</p>
<p><strong>特权执行模式</strong></p>
<p>在特权执行模式下，扩展的ping命令适用于任何一种桌面协议。它包含更多的功能属性，因此可以获得更为详细的信息。通过这些信息我们可以分析网络性能下降的原因而不单单是服务丢失的原因。扩展的ping命令的执行方式也是敲入ping。然后路由器提示各种不同的属性。</p>
<p>EXTENDED IP PING 其使用方法如下所示:</p>
<p>
<table cellspacing="0" bordercolordark="#ffffff" cellpadding="2" width="400" align="center" bordercolorlight="#000000" border="1">
    <tbody>
        <tr>
            <td class="code" bgcolor="#e6e6e6">
            <pre>
YH-Router#ping

Protocol [ip]:

Target IP address: 165.48.183.12

Repeat count [5]: 10

Datagram size [100]: 1600

Timeout in seconds [2]:

Extended commands [n]: y

Source address or interface: 165.48.48.3

Type of service [0]:

Set DF bit in IP header? [no]:

Data pattern [0xABCD]:

Loose, Srict, Record, Timestamp, Verbose[none]:

Sweep range of sizes [n]:

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 10, 1600-byte ICMP Echoes to 165.58.183.12, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (10/10), round-trip min/avg/max = 36/39/48 ms
</pre>
            </td>
        </tr>
    </tbody>
</table>
</p>
<p>首先我们讨论特权模式下的ping的各种可用属性。每种属性的缺省值在括号中显示。</p>
<p>Protocol 需要测试的协议。</p>
<p>Target address 测试的目标地址。</p>
<p>Repeat count 如果出现间歇性的失败或者响应时间过慢，ping重复的次数。</p>
<p>Datagram size 如果怀疑报文由于延迟过长或者分段失败而丢失，则可以提高报文的大小。例如，我们可以使用1600字节的报文来强制分段。</p>
<p>Timeout 如果怀疑超时是由于响应过慢而不是报文丢失，则可以提高该值。</p>
<p>Extended commands 回答确定以获得扩展属性。</p>
<p>Source address 必须是路由器接口的地址。</p>
<p>Type of service 根据RFC 791 TOS规定的属性，通常缺省值为0。</p>
<p>Set DF bit in IP header? 通过设置DF位禁止分段，即使是报文超过了路由器定义的MTU也禁止分段。</p>
<p>Data pattern [0xABCD] 通过改变数据模式可以测试线路的噪声。</p>
<p>Loose，Strict，Record，Timestamp，Verbose[none] 这些都是IP报文头的属性。一般只使用Record属性和Verbose，其他属性很少被使用。Record可以用来记录报文每一跳的地址， Verbose属性给出每一个回应应答的响应时间。。</p>
<p>Sweep range of sizes [n] 该属性主要用于测试大报文被丢失、处理速度过慢或者分段失败等故障。</p>
<p>EXTEND IPX PING 扩展的IPX ping也允许用户修改参数，比如报文大小和重复次数。对用户模式下ping的另一个增强属性是使用了NovellStandard echo属性。使用这一属性，用户可以ping装载IPX的工作站。如果禁用该属性，Novell IPX设备将不响应ping，因为它们不支持Cisco　 proprietary IPX ping协议。用户可以修改设备的属性使它们支持这一特性。</p>
<p>EXTENDED APPLETALK PING 扩展的AppleTalk ping命令是对用户模式下ping的增强，这一点与扩展的IPX ping类似。与IP和IPX扩展ping一样，用户也可以选择Verbose等属性。</p>
<p><strong>trace命令</strong></p>
<p>trace命令提供路由器到目的地址的每一跳的信息。它通过控制IP报文的生存期(TTL)字段来实现。TTL等于1的ICMP回应请求报文将被首先发送。路径上的第一个路由器将会丢弃该报文并且发送回标识错误消息的报文。错误消息通常是ICMP超时消息，表明报文顺利到达路径的下一跳，或者端口不可达消息，表明报文已经被目的地址接收但是不能向上传送到IP协议栈。</p>
<p>为了获得往返延迟时间的信息，trace发送三个报文并显示平均延迟时间。然后将报文的TTL字段加1并发送3个报文。这些报文将到达路径的第二个路由器上，并返回超时错误或者端口不可达消息。反复使用这一方法，不断增加报文的TTL字段的值，直到接收到目的地址的响应消息。</p>
<p>在有些情况下，使用trace命令可能会导致故障。因为IOS中存在与trace命令相关的bug。这些bug的相关信息可以从CCO得到。另外一个问题是，某些目标站点不响应ICMP端口不可达消息。当命令的输出显示一系列星号(*)时，就可能碰到了此类站点。用户可以使用Ctrl-Shift-6中断命令的执行。</p>]]></summary>
	  <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.agou.net/article.asp?id=645" /> 
	  <id>http://www.agou.net/default.asp?id=645</id>
  </entry>	
		
  <entry>
	  <title type="html"><![CDATA[部署SMS2003+SP1详细过程]]></title>
	  <author>
		 <name>agou</name>
		 <uri>http://www.agou.net/</uri>
		 <email>agou@live.com,agou@live.cn</email>
	  </author>
	  <category term="" scheme="http://www.agou.net/default.asp?cateID=4" label="学无止境" /> 
	  <updated>2008-11-26T00:56:34+08:00</updated>
	  <published>2008-11-26T00:56:34+08:00</published>
		  <summary type="html"><![CDATA[<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 8.9pt; text-align: left; mso-para-margin-left: .85gd; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt -17.95pt; text-indent: 15pt; text-align: left; mso-para-margin-left: -1.71gd; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 1.0" align="left"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-size: 10px"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p><span style="font-size: 12px">
<div align="left"><span>转自</span><span><a href="http://hongwei.blog.51cto.com/533436/114518">http://hongwei.blog.51cto.com/533436/114518</a>作者张宏伟</span></div>
<div align="left"><span>SMS2003是微软推出的一款桌面系统管理软件。利用SMS软件可以实现远程控制、资产管理(统计客户端的软件资源和硬件资源)、软件安装、还可以实现操作系统的安装、安全更新管理等等。</span>
<div align="left">
<div align="left">
<div align="left"><span>一、在berlin上安装IIS、BITS后台智能传输服务、web、Asp.NET</span></div>
<div align="left"><span>二、安装SQL2000+SP4(SP3也可以)</span></div>
<div align="left"><span>三、启动SQL Server服务和SQL Server Agent服务</span></div>
<div align="left"><span>四、在域控制器上安装扩展Active Directory架构</span></div>
<div align="left"><span>五、设置Active Directory的权限</span></div>
<div align="left"><span>六、安装SMS2003</span></div>
<div align="left"><span>七、安装中文版SMS2003+SP2</span></div>
&nbsp;</div>
<div align="left">部署SMS2003+SP2大致的七步；</div>
</div>
<br />
实现SMS的部署大致拓扑图如下，Florence是域控制器，berlin是成员服务器。在berlin上安装SMS2003</div>
</span></o:p></span></span></div>]]></summary>
	  <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.agou.net/article.asp?id=644" /> 
	  <id>http://www.agou.net/default.asp?id=644</id>
  </entry>	
		
  <entry>
	  <title type="html"><![CDATA[linux 下的dig 命令详解]]></title>
	  <author>
		 <name>agou</name>
		 <uri>http://www.agou.net/</uri>
		 <email>agou@live.com,agou@live.cn</email>
	  </author>
	  <category term="" scheme="http://www.agou.net/default.asp?cateID=4" label="学无止境" /> 
	  <updated>2008-11-24T15:17:41+08:00</updated>
	  <published>2008-11-24T15:17:41+08:00</published>
		  <summary type="html"><![CDATA[<p><code>在 unix 和 linux 下，建议大家使用 dig 命令来代替 nslookup。 dig 命令的功能比 nslookup 强大很多，不像 nslookkup 还得 set 来 set 去的，怪麻烦的。下面是 dig 的一些比较常用的命令: <br />
</code></p>
<p><code># dig 最基本的用法<br />
dig @server qianlong.com<br />
# 用 dig 查看 zone 数据传输<br />
dig @server qianlong.com AXFR<br />
# 用 dig 查看 zone 数据的增量传输<br />
dig @server qianlong.com IXFR=N<br />
# 用 dig 查看反向解析<br />
dig -x 124.42.102.203 @server<br />
# 查找一个域的授权 dns 服务器<br />
dig&nbsp;&nbsp; qianlong.com +nssearch<br />
# 从根服务器开始追踪一个域名的解析过程<br />
dig&nbsp;&nbsp; qianlong.com +trace<br />
# 查看您使用的是哪个 F root dns server <br />
dig +norec @F.ROOT-SERVERS.NET HOSTNAME.BIND CHAOS TXT<br />
# 查看 bind 的版本号<br />
dig @bind_dns_server CHAOS TXT version.bind<br />
<br />
********************************</code><code><br />
您能够到 www.isc.org 去下载一个 bind for windows 的版本安装，安装后就能够在 windows 上使用 dig 命令了。^O^<br />
ftp://ftp.isc.org/isc/bind/contrib/ntbind-9.3.0/BIND9.3.0.zip<br />
*********************************</code></p>
<p><code><br />
用途<br />
DNS 查询实用程式。<br />
语法<br />
dig [@server] [-b address] [-c class] [-f filename] [-k filename] [ -n ][-p port#] [-t type] [-x addr] [-y name:key] [name] [type] [class] [queryopt...]<br />
dig [-h]<br />
dig [global-queryopt...] [query...]</code></p>
<p><code><br />
描述<br />
dig（域信息搜索器）命令是个用于询问 DNS 域名服务器的灵活的工具。他执行 DNS 搜索，显示从受请求的域名服务器返回的答复。多数 DNS 管理员利用 dig 作为 DNS 问题的故障诊断，因为他灵活性好、易用、输出清楚。虽然通常情况下 dig 使用命令行参数，但他也能够按批处理模式从文档读取搜索请求。不同于早期版本，dig 的 BIND9 实现允许从命令行发出多个查询。除非被告知请求特定域名服务器，dig 将尝试 /etc/resolv.conf 中列举的任何服务器。当未指定任何命令行参数或选项时，dig 将对&ldquo;.&rdquo;（根）执行 NS 查询。</code></p>
<p><code><br />
标志<br />
-b address 配置所要询问地址的源 IP 地址。这必须是主机网络接口上的某一合法的地址。<br />
-c class 缺省查询类（IN for internet）由选项 -c 重设。class 能够是任何合法类，比如查询 Hesiod 记录的 HS 类或查询 CHAOSNET 记录的 CH 类。<br />
-f filename 使 dig 在批处理模式下运行，通过从文档 filename 读取一系列搜索请求加以处理。文档包含许多查询；每行一个。文档中的每一项都应该以和使用命令行接口对 dig 的查询相同的方法来组织。<br />
-h 当使用选项 -h 时，显示一个简短的命令行参数和选项摘要。<br />
-k filename 要签署由 dig 发送的 DNS 查询连同对他们使用事务签名（TSIG）的响应，用选项 -k 指定 TSIG 密钥文档。<br />
-n 缺省情况下，使用 IP6.ARPA 域和 RFC2874 定义的二进制标号搜索 IPv6 地址。为了使用更早的、使用 IP6.INT 域和 nibble 标签的 RFC1886 方法，指定选项 -n（nibble）。<br />
-p port# 假如需要查询一个非标准的端口号，则使用选项 -p。port# 是 dig 将发送其查询的端口号，而不是标准的 DNS 端口号 53。该选项可用于测试已在非标准端口号上配置成侦听查询的域名服务器。<br />
-t type 配置查询类型为 type。能够是 BIND9 支持的任意有效查询类型。缺省查询类型是 A，除非提供 -x 选项来指示一个逆向查询。通过指定 AXFR 的 type 能够请求一个区域传输。当需要增量区域传输（IXFR）时，type 配置为 ixfr=N。增量区域传输将包含自从区域的 SOA 记录中的序列号改为 N 之后对区域所做的更改。<br />
-x addr 逆向查询（将地址映射到名称）能够通过 -x 选项加以简化。addr 是个以小数点为界的 IPv4 地址或冒号为界的 IPv6 地址。当使用这个选项时，无需提供 name、class 和 type 参数。dig 自动运行类似 11.12.13.10.in-addr.arpa 的域名查询，并分别配置查询类型和类为 PTR 和 IN。<br />
-y name:key 您能够通过命令行上的 -y 选项指定 TSIG 密钥；name 是 TSIG 密码的名称，key 是实际的密码。密码是 64 位加密字符串，通常由 dnssec-keygen（8）生成。当在多用户系统上使用选项 -y 时应该谨慎，因为密码在 ps（1）的输出或 shell 的历史文档中可能是可见的。当同时使用 dig 和 TSCG 认证时，被查询的名称服务器需要知道密码和解码规则。在 BIND 中，通过提供正确的密码和 named.conf 中的服务器声明实现。</code></p>
<p><code><br />
参数<br />
global-queryopt... 全局查询选项（请参阅多个查询）。<br />
查询 查询选项（请参阅查询选项）。<br />
查询选项<br />
dig 提供查询选项号，他影响搜索方式和结果显示。一些在查询请求报头配置或复位标志位，一部分决定显示哪些回复信息，其他的确定超时和重试战略。每个查询选项 被带前缀（+）的关键字标识。一些关键字配置或复位一个选项。通常前缀是求反关键字含义的字符串 no。其他关键字分配各选项的值，比如超时时间间隔。他们的格式形如 +keyword=value。查询选项是：<br />
+[no]tcp<br />
查询域名服务器时使用 [不使用] TCP。缺省行为是使用 UDP，除非是 AXFR 或 IXFR 请求，才使用 TCP 连接。<br />
+[no]vc<br />
查询名称服务器时使用 [不使用] TCP。+[no]tcp 的备用语法提供了向下兼容。 vc 代表虚电路。<br />
+[no]ignore<br />
忽略 UDP 响应的中断，而不是用 TCP 重试。缺省情况运行 TCP 重试。<br />
+domain=somename<br />
设定包含单个域 somename 的搜索列表，似乎被 /etc/resolv.conf 中的域伪指令指定，并且启用搜索列表处理，似乎给定了 +search 选项。<br />
+[no]search<br />
使用 [不使用] 搜索列表或 resolv.conf 中的域伪指令（假如有的话）定义的搜索列表。缺省情况不使用搜索列表。<br />
+[no]defname<br />
不建议看作 +[no]search 的同义词。<br />
+[no]aaonly<br />
该选项不做任何事。他用来提供对配置成未实现解析器标志的 dig 的旧版本的兼容性。<br />
+[no]adflag<br />
在查询中配置 [不配置] AD（真实数据）位。现在 AD 位只在响应中有标准含义，而查询中没有，但是出于完整性考虑在查询中这种性能能够配置。<br />
+[no]cdflag<br />
在查询中配置 [不配置] CD（检查禁用）位。他请求服务器不运行响应信息的 DNSSEC 合法性。<br />
+[no]recursive<br />
转换查询中的 RD（需要递归）位配置。在缺省情况下配置该位，也就是说 dig 正常情形下发送递归查询。当使用查询选项 +nssearch 或 +trace 时，递归自动禁用。<br />
+[no]nssearch<br />
这个选项被配置时，dig 试图寻找包含待搜名称的网段的权威域名服务器，并显示网段中每台域名服务器的 SOA 记录。<br />
+[no]trace<br />
转换为待查询名称从根名称服务器开始的代理路径跟踪。缺省情况不使用跟踪。一旦启用跟踪，dig 使用迭代查询解析待查询名称。他将按照从根服务器的参照，显示来自每台使用解析查询的服务器的应答。<br />
+[no]cmd<br />
设定在输出中显示指出 dig 版本及其所用的查询选项的初始注释。缺省情况下显示注释。<br />
+[no]short<br />
提供简要答复。缺省值是以冗长格式显示答复信息。<br />
+[no]identify<br />
当启用 +short 选项时，显示 [或不显示] 提供给答的 IP 地址和端口号。假如请求简短格式应答，缺省情况不显示提供给答的服务器的源地址和端口号。<br />
+[no]comments<br />
转换输出中的注释行显示。缺省值是显示注释。<br />
+[no]stats<br />
该查询选项设定显示统计信息：查询进行时，应答的大小等等。缺省显示查询统计信息。<br />
+[no]qr<br />
显示 [不显示] 发送的查询请求。缺省不显示。<br />
+[no]question<br />
当返回应答时，显示 [不显示] 查询请求的问题部分。缺省作为注释显示问题部分。<br />
+[no]answer<br />
显示 [不显示] 应答的回答部分。缺省显示。<br />
+[no]authority<br />
显示 [不显示] 应答的权限部分。缺省显示。<br />
+[no]additional<br />
显示 [不显示] 应答的附加部分。缺省显示。<br />
+[no]all<br />
配置或清除任何显示标志。<br />
+time=T<br />
为查询配置超时时间为 T 秒。缺省是5秒。假如将 T 配置为小于1的数，则以1秒作为查询超时时间。<br />
+tries=A<br />
配置向服务器发送 UDP 查询请求的重试次数为 A，代替缺省的 3 次。假如把 A 小于或等于 0，则采用 1 为重试次数。<br />
+ndots=D<br />
出于完全考虑，配置必须出现在名称 D 的点数。缺省值是使用在 /etc/resolv.conf 中的 ndots 语句定义的，或是 1，假如没有 ndots 语句的话。带更少点数的名称被解释为相对名称，并通过搜索列表中的域或文档 /etc/resolv.conf 中的域伪指令进行搜索。<br />
+bufsize=B<br />
配置使用 EDNS0 的 UDP 消息缓冲区大小为 B 字节。缓冲区的最大值和最小值分别为 65535 和 0。超出这个范围的值自动舍入到最近的有效值。<br />
+[no]multiline<br />
以周详的多行格式显示类似 SOA 的记录，并附带可读注释。缺省值是每单个行上显示一条记录，以便于电脑解析 dig 的输出。<br />
多条查询<br />
dig 的 BIND9 支持在命令行上指定多个查询（支持 -f 批处理文档选项的附加功能）。每条查询能够使用自己的标志位、选项和查询选项。<br />
在这种情况下，在上面描述的命令行语法中，每条查询自变量代表一个个别查询。每一条由任意标准选项和标志、待查询名称、可选查询类型和类连同任何适用于该查询的查询选项。<br />
也能够使用对任何查询均有效的查询选项全局集合。全局查询选项必须位于命令行上第一个名称、类、类型、选项、标志和查询选项的元组之前。任何全局查询选项（除了 +[no]cmd 选项）能够被下面的查询特别选项重设。例如:<br />
dig +qr www.isc.org any -x 127.0.0.1 isc.org ns +noqr显示 dig 如何从命令行出发进行三个查询：一个针对 www.isc.org的任意查询、一个 127.0.0.1 的逆向查询，连同一个 isc.org 的 NS 记录查询。应用了 +qr 的全局查询选项，以便 dig 显示进行每条查询的初始查询。最后那个查询有一个本地查询选项 +noqr，表示 dig 在搜索 isc.org 的 NS 记录时不显示初始查询。<br />
示例<br />
一个典型的 dig 调用类似：<br />
dig @server name type其中：<br />
server<br />
待查询名称服务器的名称或 IP 地址。能够是用点分隔的 IPv4 地址或用冒号分隔的 IPv6 地址。当由主机提供服务器参数时，dig 在查询域名服务器前先解析那个名称。假如没有服务器参数能够提供，dig 参考 /etc/resolv.conf，然后查询列举在那里的域名服务器。显示来自域名服务器的应答。<br />
name<br />
将要查询的资源记录的名称。<br />
type<br />
显示所需的查询类型 － ANY、A、MX、SIG，连同任何有效查询类型等。假如不提供任何类型参数，dig 将对纪录 A 执行查询。<br />
********************************</code></p>]]></summary>
	  <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.agou.net/article.asp?id=643" /> 
	  <id>http://www.agou.net/default.asp?id=643</id>
  </entry>	
		
  <entry>
	  <title type="html"><![CDATA[Microsoft Office Document Image Writer]]></title>
	  <author>
		 <name>agou</name>
		 <uri>http://www.agou.net/</uri>
		 <email>agou@live.com,agou@live.cn</email>
	  </author>
	  <category term="" scheme="http://www.agou.net/default.asp?cateID=4" label="学无止境" /> 
	  <updated>2008-11-21T16:15:03+08:00</updated>
	  <published>2008-11-21T16:15:03+08:00</published>
		  <summary type="html"><![CDATA[<p>&nbsp;<wbr></wbr>&nbsp;<wbr></wbr> 可能会在事件查看器(EventVwr.msc)中看到如下错误信息：<br />
<br />
事件类型: 错误<br />
事件来源: TermServDevices<br />
事件种类: 无<br />
事件 ID: 1111<br />
日期:&nbsp;<wbr></wbr> 2007-9-14<br />
事件:&nbsp;<wbr></wbr> 09:16:31<br />
用户:&nbsp;<wbr></wbr> N/A<br />
计算机: MAIL<br />
描述:<br />
打印机 Microsoft Office Document Image Writer 所需的驱动程序 Microsoft Office Document Image Writer Driver 未知。登录之前，请与管理员联系，安装驱动程序。<br />
有关更多信息，请参阅在 http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/events.asp 的帮助和支持中心。<br />
数据:<br />
0000: 00 00 00 00 12 0d 00 00&nbsp;<wbr></wbr>&nbsp;<wbr></wbr> ........<br />
<br />
如下图所示：<br />
<br />
&nbsp;<wbr></wbr>&nbsp;<wbr></wbr>&nbsp;<wbr></wbr> <img title="http://static16.photo.sina.com.cn/orignal/3f2ef1187eb44e270d73f" alt="http://static16.photo.sina.com.cn/orignal/3f2ef1187eb44e270d73f" align="middle" border="1" src="http://static16.photo.sina.com.cn/bmiddle/3f2ef1187eb44e270d73f" /><br />
<br />
&nbsp;<wbr></wbr>&nbsp;<wbr></wbr>&nbsp;<wbr></wbr> 解决办法有两种：一是直接安装Office的这个虚拟打印机驱动程序；二是寻找问题产生的根本原因。<br />
&nbsp;<wbr></wbr>&nbsp;<wbr></wbr>&nbsp;<wbr></wbr><br />
&nbsp;<wbr></wbr>&nbsp;<wbr></wbr>&nbsp;<wbr></wbr> 1.安装Microsoft Office Document Image Writer<br />
<br />
&nbsp;<wbr></wbr>&nbsp;<wbr></wbr>&nbsp;<wbr></wbr> 这是Office产品的一部分，运行Office 2003的安装程序，利用其&ldquo;添加或删除功能&rdquo;中的&ldquo;高级自定义&rdquo;将组件Microsoft Office Document Imaging Writer安装到系统中即可。利用Office 2003的这一虚拟打印机，任何加密的文档都可以把其中的文字提取到Word文档中，只要其提供了打印功能，甚至包括tif图像中的文字；实现文字到图像的转换。<br />
&nbsp;<wbr></wbr>&nbsp;<wbr></wbr>&nbsp;<wbr></wbr><br />
&nbsp;<wbr></wbr>&nbsp;<wbr></wbr>&nbsp;<wbr></wbr><img title="http://static13.photo.sina.com.cn/orignal/3f2ef118d62322a6c11bc" alt="http://static13.photo.sina.com.cn/orignal/3f2ef118d62322a6c11bc" border="1" src="http://static13.photo.sina.com.cn/bmiddle/3f2ef118d62322a6c11bc" /><br />
&nbsp;</p>
<div style="text-align: center">
<p>&nbsp;<wbr></wbr>&nbsp;<wbr></wbr>&nbsp;<wbr></wbr> （【选择应用程序的高级自定义】）</p>
<p><img title="http://static13.photo.sina.com.cn/orignal/3f2ef1188db4e60a4126c" alt="http://static13.photo.sina.com.cn/orignal/3f2ef1188db4e60a4126c" border="1" src="http://static13.photo.sina.com.cn/bmiddle/3f2ef1188db4e60a4126c" /><br />
（注意红框处）<br />
&nbsp;</p>
<div style="text-align: left"><br />
&nbsp;<wbr></wbr>&nbsp;<wbr></wbr>&nbsp;<wbr></wbr> 2.寻找问题产生的原因。运行远程桌面连接(MSTSC)时，需要取消【本地设备】中的【打印机】选项。如下图所示：<br />
<br />
&nbsp;<wbr></wbr>&nbsp;<wbr></wbr>&nbsp;<wbr></wbr><img title="http://static16.photo.sina.com.cn/orignal/3f2ef1183971243ec9f9f" alt="http://static16.photo.sina.com.cn/orignal/3f2ef1183971243ec9f9f" border="1" src="http://static16.photo.sina.com.cn/bmiddle/3f2ef1183971243ec9f9f" /></div>
</div>]]></summary>
	  <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.agou.net/article.asp?id=642" /> 
	  <id>http://www.agou.net/default.asp?id=642</id>
  </entry>	
		
  <entry>
	  <title type="html"><![CDATA[服务器性能测试软件IOMeter安装配置指南]]></title>
	  <author>
		 <name>agou</name>
		 <uri>http://www.agou.net/</uri>
		 <email>agou@live.com,agou@live.cn</email>
	  </author>
	  <category term="" scheme="http://www.agou.net/default.asp?cateID=4" label="学无止境" /> 
	  <updated>2008-11-21T01:22:57+08:00</updated>
	  <published>2008-11-21T01:22:57+08:00</published>
		  <summary type="html"><![CDATA[<p><font color="#000000">IOMeter</font>是业界广泛使用的<font color="#000000">IO</font>性能测试软件。通过使用不同的IOMeter设定值来呈现文件服务器（选择范围为512Bytes到64KB）和网站<font color="#000000">服务器</font>（选择512Bytes到512KB作为I/O范围）的相应负载。</p>
<p>在实际测试过程中可以使用IOMeter进行如下测量：</p>
<p><strong>Max IO：</strong></p>
<p>为了得到完整的磁盘性能数据，可以测试512Bytes到512MBytes等多种数据块大小，并分别测试了100%读取操作或100%写入操作下的表现，测试随机率可以从0%-100%，用于检测磁盘子系统的最大输入输出能力。从所有的数据中，可以分别得到的数据指IOps（每秒操作数）以及MBps（传输速率）。</p>
<p><strong>File Server：</strong></p>
<p>文件服务器应用在一个多用户或网络化的环境中专门用于文件的储存，恢复和管理。不同用户的访问形成了多线程，因此，其工作负载是随机性的。输入输出大小是可变的，取决于所操作的文件大小。读/写分布也是变化的。总的来说，一个频繁使用的多用户服务器应该采用较高的队列深度来模拟。</p>
<p><strong>Web Server：</strong></p>
<p>网站服务器应用于处理多用户通过Internet或Intranet进行的访问。这些请求具有典型的随机性，并且在用户访问不同页面或视频应用时大量偏向于读请求。同样，一个访问频繁网站服务器也应该采用较高的队列深度来模拟。最后，测试读取尺寸从512Bytes到512KB不等，100%读取操作，随机率为100%，用于模拟Web服务器的性能。在实际的桌面环境中，小于4KB的块访问数量不少，但是由于操作系统的缓存的存在而具有一定的降低，主要的块大小基于4KB。</p>
<p>IOMeter硬盘性能测试对CPU、内存等参数并不是很敏感&mdash;&mdash;当然CPU要保证在测试中不能出现100%的占用率。</p>
<p>接下来就让我们一起来看看IOMETER的安装与配置的全过程。</p>
<p>我现在所使用的IOMETER版本是iometer-2004.07.30.win32.i386版。</p>
<p>其安装过程如下：</p>
<p>第一步双击打开安装文件：</p>
<p align="center"><img class="fit-image" onmousewheel="javascript:return big(this)" title="IOMeter安装配置" alt="IOMeter安装配置" src="http://server.51cto.com/files/uploadimg/20081117/1705110.jpg" onload="javascript:if(this.width&gt;498)this.style.width=498;" border="0" style="zoom: 70%" /></p>
<p>点击NEXT：</p>
<p align="center"><img class="fit-image" onmousewheel="javascript:return big(this)" title="IOMeter安装配置" alt="IOMeter安装配置" src="http://server.51cto.com/files/uploadimg/20081117/1705111.jpg" onload="javascript:if(this.width&gt;498)this.style.width=498;" border="0" /></p>
<p align="left">选择加入MS Acess导入导航：</p>
<p align="center"><img class="fit-image" onmousewheel="javascript:return big(this)" title="IOMeter安装配置" alt="IOMeter安装配置" src="http://server.51cto.com/files/uploadimg/20081117/1705112.jpg" onload="javascript:if(this.width&gt;498)this.style.width=498;" border="0" /></p>
<p align="left">点击finish：</p>
<p align="center"><img class="fit-image" onmousewheel="javascript:return big(this)" title="IOMeter安装配置" alt="IOMeter安装配置" src="http://server.51cto.com/files/uploadimg/20081117/1705113.jpg" onload="javascript:if(this.width&gt;498)this.style.width=498;" border="0" /></p>
<p align="left">从所有程序列表中打开IOMETER。</p>
<p align="center"><img class="fit-image" onmousewheel="javascript:return big(this)" title="IOMeter安装配置" alt="IOMeter安装配置" src="http://server.51cto.com/files/uploadimg/20081117/1705114.jpg" onload="javascript:if(this.width&gt;498)this.style.width=498;" border="0" style="zoom: 80%" /></p>
<p align="left">选中下图中的标记的图标可以产生一个新的测试机。</p>
<p align="center"><img class="fit-image" onmousewheel="javascript:return big(this)" title="IOMeter安装配置" alt="IOMeter安装配置" src="http://server.51cto.com/files/uploadimg/20081117/1705115.jpg" onload="javascript:if(this.width&gt;498)this.style.width=498;" border="0" style="zoom: 70%" /></p>
<p align="left">增加一个新的测试机之后的情形。</p>
<p align="center"><img class="fit-image" onmousewheel="javascript:return big(this)" title="IOMeter安装配置" alt="IOMeter安装配置" src="http://server.51cto.com/files/uploadimg/20081117/1705116.jpg" onload="javascript:if(this.width&gt;498)this.style.width=498;" border="0" /></p>
<p align="left">　点击以下被标记图标可以新增一个任务组：</p>
<p align="center"><img class="fit-image" onmousewheel="javascript:return big(this)" title="IOMeter安装配置" alt="IOMeter安装配置" src="http://server.51cto.com/files/uploadimg/20081117/1705117.jpg" onload="javascript:if(this.width&gt;498)this.style.width=498;" border="0" /></p>
<p align="left">点击一下被标记的图标可以增加一个网络连接。</p>
<p align="center"><img class="fit-image" onmousewheel="javascript:return big(this)" title="IOMeter安装配置" alt="IOMeter安装配置" src="http://server.51cto.com/files/uploadimg/20081117/1705118.jpg" onload="javascript:if(this.width&gt;498)this.style.width=498;" border="0" /></p>
<p align="left">选中一下被标记的图标可以复制所选中的任务组。</p>
<p align="center"><img class="fit-image" onmousewheel="javascript:return big(this)" title="IOMeter安装配置" alt="IOMeter安装配置" src="http://server.51cto.com/files/uploadimg/20081117/1705119.jpg" onload="javascript:if(this.width&gt;498)this.style.width=498;" border="0" /></p>
<p align="left">选中需要被测试的硬盘。</p>
<p align="center"><img class="fit-image" onmousewheel="javascript:return big(this)" title="IOMeter安装配置" alt="IOMeter安装配置" src="http://server.51cto.com/files/uploadimg/20081117/17051110.jpg" onload="javascript:if(this.width&gt;498)this.style.width=498;" border="0" /></p>
<p align="left">添加需要被测试的数据库模本。</p>
<p align="center"><img class="fit-image" onmousewheel="javascript:return big(this)" title="IOMeter安装配置" alt="IOMeter安装配置" src="http://server.51cto.com/files/uploadimg/20081117/17051111.jpg" onload="javascript:if(this.width&gt;498)this.style.width=498;" border="0" /></p>
<p align="left">察看测试结果。</p>
<p align="center"><img class="fit-image" onmousewheel="javascript:return big(this)" title="IOMeter安装配置" alt="IOMeter安装配置" src="http://server.51cto.com/files/uploadimg/20081117/17051112.jpg" onload="javascript:if(this.width&gt;498)this.style.width=498;" border="0" /></p>
<p align="left">选中以下被标记的图标可以设置测试的时间间隔。</p>
<p align="center"><img class="fit-image" onmousewheel="javascript:return big(this)" title="IOMeter安装配置" alt="IOMeter安装配置" src="http://server.51cto.com/files/uploadimg/20081117/17051113.jpg" onload="javascript:if(this.width&gt;498)this.style.width=498;" border="0" /></p>
<p align="left">选中以下被标记的图标开始测试，选择结果存放地址。</p>
<p align="center"><img class="fit-image" onmousewheel="javascript:return big(this)" title="IOMeter安装配置" alt="IOMeter安装配置" src="http://server.51cto.com/files/uploadimg/20081117/17051114.jpg" onload="javascript:if(this.width&gt;498)this.style.width=498;" border="0" /></p>
<p align="left">开始测试后，察看测试结果。</p>
<p align="center"><img class="fit-image" onmousewheel="javascript:return big(this)" title="IOMeter安装配置" alt="IOMeter安装配置" src="http://server.51cto.com/files/uploadimg/20081117/17051115.jpg" onload="javascript:if(this.width&gt;498)this.style.width=498;" border="0" /></p>
<p align="left">测试结果中包含的结果项。</p>
<p align="center"><img class="fit-image" onmousewheel="javascript:return big(this)" title="IOMeter安装配置" alt="IOMeter安装配置" src="http://server.51cto.com/files/uploadimg/20081117/17051116.jpg" onload="javascript:if(this.width&gt;498)this.style.width=498;" border="0" /></p>
<p align="left">总的I/O速度。</p>
<p align="center"><img class="fit-image" onmousewheel="javascript:return big(this)" title="IOMeter安装配置" alt="IOMeter安装配置" src="http://server.51cto.com/files/uploadimg/20081117/17051117.jpg" onload="javascript:if(this.width&gt;498)this.style.width=498;" border="0" style="zoom: 90%" /></p>
<p align="left">读数据的I/O速度。</p>
<p align="center"><img class="fit-image" onmousewheel="javascript:return big(this)" title="IOMeter安装配置" alt="IOMeter安装配置" src="http://server.51cto.com/files/uploadimg/20081117/17051118.jpg" onload="javascript:if(this.width&gt;498)this.style.width=498;" border="0" /></p>
<p align="left">写数据的I/O速度。</p>
<p align="center"><img class="fit-image" onmousewheel="javascript:return big(this)" title="IOMeter安装配置" alt="IOMeter安装配置" src="http://server.51cto.com/files/uploadimg/20081117/17051119.jpg" onload="javascript:if(this.width&gt;498)this.style.width=498;" border="0" /></p>
<p align="left">总的数据传输速度。</p>
<p align="center"><img class="fit-image" onmousewheel="javascript:return big(this)" title="IOMeter安装配置" alt="IOMeter安装配置" src="http://server.51cto.com/files/uploadimg/20081117/17051120.jpg" onload="javascript:if(this.width&gt;498)this.style.width=498;" border="0" /></p>
<p align="left">总的每秒联接数。</p>
<p align="center"><img class="fit-image" onmousewheel="javascript:return big(this)" title="IOMeter安装配置" alt="IOMeter安装配置" src="http://server.51cto.com/files/uploadimg/20081117/17051121.jpg" onload="javascript:if(this.width&gt;498)this.style.width=498;" border="0" /></p>
<p align="left">总的每秒读写数据量。</p>
<p align="center"><img class="fit-image" onmousewheel="javascript:return big(this)" title="IOMeter安装配置" alt="IOMeter安装配置" src="http://server.51cto.com/files/uploadimg/20081117/17051122.jpg" onload="javascript:if(this.width&gt;498)this.style.width=498;" border="0" /></p>
<p align="left">每秒读取的数据量。</p>
<p align="center"><img class="fit-image" onmousewheel="javascript:return big(this)" title="IOMeter安装配置" alt="IOMeter安装配置" src="http://server.51cto.com/files/uploadimg/20081117/17051123.jpg" onload="javascript:if(this.width&gt;498)this.style.width=498;" border="0" /></p>
<p align="left">每秒写入的数据量。</p>
<p align="center"><img class="fit-image" onmousewheel="javascript:return big(this)" title="IOMeter安装配置" alt="IOMeter安装配置" src="http://server.51cto.com/files/uploadimg/20081117/17051124.jpg" onload="javascript:if(this.width&gt;498)this.style.width=498;" border="0" /></p>
<p align="left">总的平均响应时间。</p>
<p align="center"><img class="fit-image" onmousewheel="javascript:return big(this)" title="IOMeter安装配置" alt="IOMeter安装配置" src="http://server.51cto.com/files/uploadimg/20081117/17051125.jpg" onload="javascript:if(this.width&gt;498)this.style.width=498;" border="0" /></p>
<p align="left">平均的读取响应时间。</p>
<p align="center"><img class="fit-image" onmousewheel="javascript:return big(this)" title="IOMeter安装配置" alt="IOMeter安装配置" src="http://server.51cto.com/files/uploadimg/20081117/17051126.jpg" onload="javascript:if(this.width&gt;498)this.style.width=498;" border="0" /></p>
<p align="left">平均的写入响应时间。</p>
<p align="center"><img class="fit-image" onmousewheel="javascript:return big(this)" title="IOMeter安装配置" alt="IOMeter安装配置" src="http://server.51cto.com/files/uploadimg/20081117/17051127.jpg" onload="javascript:if(this.width&gt;498)this.style.width=498;" border="0" /></p>
<p align="left">平均的传输响应时间。</p>
<p align="center"><img class="fit-image" onmousewheel="javascript:return big(this)" title="IOMeter安装配置" alt="IOMeter安装配置" src="http://server.51cto.com/files/uploadimg/20081117/17051128.jpg" onload="javascript:if(this.width&gt;498)this.style.width=498;" border="0" /></p>
<p align="left">平均的连接响应时间。</p>
<p align="center"><img class="fit-image" onmousewheel="javascript:return big(this)" title="IOMeter安装配置" alt="IOMeter安装配置" src="http://server.51cto.com/files/uploadimg/20081117/17051129.jpg" onload="javascript:if(this.width&gt;498)this.style.width=498;" border="0" /></p>
<p align="left">最大的I/O响应时间。</p>
<p align="center"><img class="fit-image" onmousewheel="javascript:return big(this)" title="IOMeter安装配置" alt="IOMeter安装配置" src="http://server.51cto.com/files/uploadimg/20081117/17051130.jpg" onload="javascript:if(this.width&gt;498)this.style.width=498;" border="0" /></p>
<p align="left">最大的读取响应时间。</p>
<p align="center"><img class="fit-image" onmousewheel="javascript:return big(this)" title="IOMeter安装配置" alt="IOMeter安装配置" src="http://server.51cto.com/files/uploadimg/20081117/17051131.jpg" onload="javascript:if(this.width&gt;498)this.style.width=498;" border="0" /></p>
<p align="left">最大的写入响应时间。</p>
<p align="center"><img class="fit-image" onmousewheel="javascript:return big(this)" title="IOMeter安装配置" alt="IOMeter安装配置" src="http://server.51cto.com/files/uploadimg/20081117/17051132.jpg" onload="javascript:if(this.width&gt;498)this.style.width=498;" border="0" /></p>
<p align="left">最大的传输响应时间。</p>
<p align="center"><img class="fit-image" onmousewheel="javascript:return big(this)" title="IOMeter安装配置" alt="IOMeter安装配置" src="http://server.51cto.com/files/uploadimg/20081117/17051133.jpg" onload="javascript:if(this.width&gt;498)this.style.width=498;" border="0" /></p>
<p align="left">最大的连接响应时间。</p>
<p align="center"><img class="fit-image" onmousewheel="javascript:return big(this)" title="IOMeter安装配置" alt="IOMeter安装配置" src="http://server.51cto.com/files/uploadimg/20081117/17051134.jpg" onload="javascript:if(this.width&gt;498)this.style.width=498;" border="0" /></p>
<p align="left">总的CPU使用率。</p>
<p align="center"><img class="fit-image" onmousewheel="javascript:return big(this)" title="IOMeter安装配置" alt="IOMeter安装配置" src="http://server.51cto.com/files/uploadimg/20081117/17051135.jpg" onload="javascript:if(this.width&gt;498)this.style.width=498;" border="0" /></p>
<p align="left">CPU使用时间的占用率。</p>
<p align="center"><img class="fit-image" onmousewheel="javascript:return big(this)" title="IOMeter安装配置" alt="IOMeter安装配置" src="http://server.51cto.com/files/uploadimg/20081117/17051136.jpg" onload="javascript:if(this.width&gt;498)this.style.width=498;" border="0" /></p>
<p align="left">优先使用时间占用率。</p>
<p align="center"><img class="fit-image" onmousewheel="javascript:return big(this)" title="IOMeter安装配置" alt="IOMeter安装配置" src="http://server.51cto.com/files/uploadimg/20081117/17051137.jpg" onload="javascript:if(this.width&gt;498)this.style.width=498;" border="0" /></p>
<p align="left">缩节时间占用率。</p>
<p align="center"><img class="fit-image" onmousewheel="javascript:return big(this)" title="IOMeter安装配置" alt="IOMeter安装配置" src="http://server.51cto.com/files/uploadimg/20081117/17051138.jpg" onload="javascript:if(this.width&gt;498)this.style.width=498;" border="0" /></p>
<p align="left">中断时间占用率。</p>
<p align="center"><img class="fit-image" onmousewheel="javascript:return big(this)" title="IOMeter安装配置" alt="IOMeter安装配置" src="http://server.51cto.com/files/uploadimg/20081117/17051139.jpg" onload="javascript:if(this.width&gt;498)this.style.width=498;" border="0" /></p>
<p align="left">CPU的有效使用率。</p>
<p align="center"><img class="fit-image" onmousewheel="javascript:return big(this)" title="IOMeter安装配置" alt="IOMeter安装配置" src="http://server.51cto.com/files/uploadimg/20081117/17051140.jpg" onload="javascript:if(this.width&gt;498)this.style.width=498;" border="0" /></p>
<p align="left">网络数据包传输速率。</p>
<p align="center"><img class="fit-image" onmousewheel="javascript:return big(this)" title="IOMeter安装配置" alt="IOMeter安装配置" src="http://server.51cto.com/files/uploadimg/20081117/17051141.jpg" onload="javascript:if(this.width&gt;498)this.style.width=498;" border="0" /></p>
<p align="left">总的传输错误数。</p>
<p align="center"><img class="fit-image" onmousewheel="javascript:return big(this)" title="IOMeter安装配置" alt="IOMeter安装配置" src="http://server.51cto.com/files/uploadimg/20081117/17051142.jpg" onload="javascript:if(this.width&gt;498)this.style.width=498;" border="0" /></p>
<p align="left">TCP中转错误数。</p>
<p align="center"><img class="fit-image" onmousewheel="javascript:return big(this)" title="IOMeter安装配置" alt="IOMeter安装配置" src="http://server.51cto.com/files/uploadimg/20081117/17051143.jpg" onload="javascript:if(this.width&gt;498)this.style.width=498;" border="0" /></p>
<p align="left">总的出错数。</p>
<p align="center"><img class="fit-image" onmousewheel="javascript:return big(this)" title="IOMeter安装配置" alt="IOMeter安装配置" src="http://server.51cto.com/files/uploadimg/20081117/17051144.jpg" onload="javascript:if(this.width&gt;498)this.style.width=498;" border="0" /></p>
<p align="left">读取出错数。</p>
<p align="center"><img class="fit-image" onmousewheel="javascript:return big(this)" title="IOMeter安装配置" alt="IOMeter安装配置" src="http://server.51cto.com/files/uploadimg/20081117/17051145.jpg" onload="javascript:if(this.width&gt;498)this.style.width=498;" border="0" /></p>
<p align="left">写入出错数。</p>
<p align="center"><img class="fit-image" onmousewheel="javascript:return big(this)" title="IOMeter安装配置" alt="IOMeter安装配置" src="http://server.51cto.com/files/uploadimg/20081117/17051146.jpg" onload="javascript:if(this.width&gt;498)this.style.width=498;" border="0" /></p>]]></summary>
	  <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.agou.net/article.asp?id=641" /> 
	  <id>http://www.agou.net/default.asp?id=641</id>
  </entry>	
		
  <entry>
	  <title type="html"><![CDATA[在Linux下安装JDK ]]></title>
	  <author>
		 <name>agou</name>
		 <uri>http://www.agou.net/</uri>
		 <email>agou@live.com,agou@live.cn</email>
	  </author>
	  <category term="" scheme="http://www.agou.net/default.asp?cateID=4" label="学无止境" /> 
	  <updated>2008-11-14T22:42:03+08:00</updated>
	  <published>2008-11-14T22:42:03+08:00</published>
		  <summary type="html"><![CDATA[<p>先到官网上下载JDK For Linux 的包，然后在终端中执行。<br />
1。以root身份登陆　　<br />
2。打开一个终端<br />
3。使用 cd 命令进到jdk的存放目录，输入./jdk-6u10-linux-i586-rpm.bin，接受协议，按enter即可。使用默认的安装目录，在 /usr/java/下<br />
4。设置环境变量，编辑/etc/profile<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; # set java environment　　<br />
JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.4.2　　<br />
CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar　　<br />
PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH　　<br />
export JAVA_HOME CLASSPATH PATH<br />
5。在终端使用echo命令检查环境变量的设置情况　　<br />
# echo $JAVA_HOME　　<br />
# echo $CLASSPATH　　<br />
# echo $PATH　　<br />
6。检查jdk是否安装成功　　<br />
java -version&nbsp;</p>]]></summary>
	  <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.agou.net/article.asp?id=640" /> 
	  <id>http://www.agou.net/default.asp?id=640</id>
  </entry>	
		
</feed>
